Types of Burns and Classification
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Types of Burns and Classification

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Questions and Answers

Which type of burn is characterized by charred, painless and insensitive skin?

  • Fourth-degree burn
  • Third-degree burn (correct)
  • First-degree burn
  • Second-degree burn
  • What is the primary cause of a flash burn?

  • Exposure to natural gas, alcohol, or combustible liquids (correct)
  • Chemical exposure
  • Exposure to hot liquids
  • Contact with hot metals or objects
  • Which type of burn is characterized by a mottled, red, and painful appearance with blisters?

  • Fourth-degree burn
  • Third-degree burn
  • Second-degree burn (correct)
  • First-degree burn
  • Which type of burn involves the underlying tissues, such as muscles and bones?

    <p>Fourth-degree burn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical healing time for a second-degree burn?

    <p>14-21 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a mild burn?

    <p>Partial thickness burn less than 15% in an adult or less than 10% in a child</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the severity of a burn injury?

    <p>Percentage of body surface area burned and depth of burn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential complication of severe burns?

    <p>Hair loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Wallace Rule of Nine, how much body surface area does the outstretched palm and fingers represent?

    <p>9%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention is crucial in managing burn injuries to prevent contractures?

    <p>Provide Nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Wallace Rule of Nine help estimate in burn patients?

    <p>Percentage of body surface area burned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compartment syndrome should be considered during the assessment of burns. What aspect of the patient should be evaluated to monitor compartment syndrome?

    <p>Perfusion in extremities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended fluid of choice for fluid resuscitation in burn patients?

    <p>Ringer lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should blood transfusion be considered in burn patients?

    <p>After 48 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the rate of colloids be used after the first 24 hours in burn patients?

    <p>0.35-0.5 ml/kg/% of burns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum recommended urine output per hour in burn patients during fluid resuscitation?

    <p>30-50 ml/hr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can Albumin 5% be used in burn patients?

    <p>To maintain serum albumin levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using antibiotic cream and gauze dressing in burn management?

    <p>To kill bacteria and protect the wound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Causes of Burns

    • Thermal injury: scald, flame, flash burns, and contact with hot metals/objects/materials
    • Electrical injury
    • Chemical burns: acid/alkali
    • Cold injury: frostbite
    • Ionizing radiation

    Classification of Burns

    • First-degree burn: • Involves epidermis only • Red and painful • No blisters • Heals rapidly in 5-7 days • By epithelialization without scarring

    • Second-degree burn: • Involves epidermis and dermis • Mottled, red, and painful • With blisters • Heals in 14-21 days • Superficial burn heals, causing pigmentation • Deep burn heals, causing scarring and pigmentation

    • Third-degree burn: • Involves full thickness of skin • Charred, painless, and insensitive • Thrombosis of superficial vessels • Requires grafting • Eschar is charred, denatured, and insensitive • Heals by re-epithelialization from wound edge

    • Fourth-degree burn: • Involves underlying tissues: muscles, bones

    Classification of Burns by Percentage

    • Mild: • Partial thickness burn < 15% in adult or < 10% in children • Full thickness burn < 2% in adult or < 10% in children

    • Moderate: • Second-degree burn 15-25% in adult or 10-20% in children • Third-degree burn 2-10% in adult or > 10% in children

    • Major: • Second-degree burn > 25% in adult or > 20% in children • Third-degree burn > 10% in adult or > 10% in children • Burns involving eyes, ears, feet, hand, or perineum • All inhalational and electrical burns

    Signs and Symptoms

    • Blisters
    • Pain
    • Swelling
    • White or charred skin
    • Peeling skin

    Complications

    • Arrhythmia
    • Dehydration
    • Disfiguring scars and contractures
    • Edema
    • Organ failure
    • Hypotension leading to shock

    Assessment of Burns

    • Burned surface area
    • Depth of burn
    • Wallace Rule of Nine: method to estimate burned surface area in adults and children

    Management of Burns

    • Stop the burning process
    • ABCDE assessment
    • Determine percentage area of burn (Rule of 9's)
    • Good IV access and early fluid replacement
    • Cool the area with tap water
    • Clean and dress the wound
    • Sedation and analgesia
    • Assessment of percentage, degree, and type of burn for fluid management
    • Chemoprophylaxis: tetanus toxoid, antibiotics, and local antiseptics

    Fluid Resuscitation

    • Ringer lactate is the fluid of choice
    • Blood transfusion after 48 hours
    • First 24 hours: crystalloids only
    • After 24 hours: colloids like plasma, gelatin, and dextran
    • Urine output: 30-50 ml/hr
    • Albumin 5% to maintain serum albumin levels at 2 g/dl
    • Sodium supplementation may be needed for burns > 20% BSA

    Local Management

    • Open Method: application of silver sulphadiazine without dressings
    • Closed Method: with dressings to soothe and protect the wound

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    Description

    Learn about the causes and classification of burn injuries, including thermal, electrical, chemical, and cold burns. Understand the different categories based on the thickness of skin involved.

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