Burn Classification Quiz: Identify Types of Burns and Degrees

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Questions and Answers

Which type of burn is characterized by charred, painless and insensitive skin?

Fourth-degree burn

Third-degree burn (correct)

First-degree burn

Second-degree burn

What is the primary cause of a flash burn?

Exposure to natural gas, alcohol, or combustible liquids (correct)

Chemical exposure

Exposure to hot liquids

Contact with hot metals or objects

Which type of burn is characterized by a mottled, red, and painful appearance with blisters?

Fourth-degree burn

Third-degree burn

Second-degree burn (correct)

First-degree burn

Which type of burn involves the underlying tissues, such as muscles and bones?

Fourth-degree burn Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical healing time for a second-degree burn?

14-21 days Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a mild burn?

Partial thickness burn less than 15% in an adult or less than 10% in a child Signup and view all the answers

What determines the severity of a burn injury?

Percentage of body surface area burned and depth of burn Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential complication of severe burns?

Hair loss Signup and view all the answers

According to the Wallace Rule of Nine, how much body surface area does the outstretched palm and fingers represent?

9% Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is crucial in managing burn injuries to prevent contractures?

Provide Nutrition Signup and view all the answers

What does the Wallace Rule of Nine help estimate in burn patients?

Percentage of body surface area burned Signup and view all the answers

Compartment syndrome should be considered during the assessment of burns. What aspect of the patient should be evaluated to monitor compartment syndrome?

Perfusion in extremities Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended fluid of choice for fluid resuscitation in burn patients?

Ringer lactate Signup and view all the answers

When should blood transfusion be considered in burn patients?

After 48 hours Signup and view all the answers

What should the rate of colloids be used after the first 24 hours in burn patients?

0.35-0.5 ml/kg/% of burns Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum recommended urine output per hour in burn patients during fluid resuscitation?

30-50 ml/hr Signup and view all the answers

When can Albumin 5% be used in burn patients?

To maintain serum albumin levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using antibiotic cream and gauze dressing in burn management?

To kill bacteria and protect the wound Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Causes of Burns

Thermal injury: scald, flame, flash burns, and contact with hot metals/objects/materials
Electrical injury
Chemical burns: acid/alkali
Cold injury: frostbite
Ionizing radiation

Classification of Burns

First-degree burn: • Involves epidermis only • Red and painful • No blisters • Heals rapidly in 5-7 days • By epithelialization without scarring
Second-degree burn: • Involves epidermis and dermis • Mottled, red, and painful • With blisters • Heals in 14-21 days • Superficial burn heals, causing pigmentation • Deep burn heals, causing scarring and pigmentation
Third-degree burn: • Involves full thickness of skin • Charred, painless, and insensitive • Thrombosis of superficial vessels • Requires grafting • Eschar is charred, denatured, and insensitive • Heals by re-epithelialization from wound edge
Fourth-degree burn: • Involves underlying tissues: muscles, bones

Classification of Burns by Percentage

Mild: • Partial thickness burn < 15% in adult or < 10% in children • Full thickness burn < 2% in adult or < 10% in children
Moderate: • Second-degree burn 15-25% in adult or 10-20% in children • Third-degree burn 2-10% in adult or > 10% in children
Major: • Second-degree burn > 25% in adult or > 20% in children • Third-degree burn > 10% in adult or > 10% in children • Burns involving eyes, ears, feet, hand, or perineum • All inhalational and electrical burns

Signs and Symptoms

Blisters
Pain
Swelling
White or charred skin
Peeling skin

Complications

Arrhythmia
Dehydration
Disfiguring scars and contractures
Edema
Organ failure
Hypotension leading to shock

Assessment of Burns

Burned surface area
Depth of burn
Wallace Rule of Nine: method to estimate burned surface area in adults and children

Management of Burns

Stop the burning process
ABCDE assessment
Determine percentage area of burn (Rule of 9's)
Good IV access and early fluid replacement
Cool the area with tap water
Clean and dress the wound
Sedation and analgesia
Assessment of percentage, degree, and type of burn for fluid management
Chemoprophylaxis: tetanus toxoid, antibiotics, and local antiseptics

Fluid Resuscitation

Ringer lactate is the fluid of choice
Blood transfusion after 48 hours
First 24 hours: crystalloids only
After 24 hours: colloids like plasma, gelatin, and dextran
Urine output: 30-50 ml/hr
Albumin 5% to maintain serum albumin levels at 2 g/dl
Sodium supplementation may be needed for burns > 20% BSA

Local Management

Open Method: application of silver sulphadiazine without dressings
Closed Method: with dressings to soothe and protect the wound

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Description

Learn about the causes and classification of burn injuries, including thermal, electrical, chemical, and cold burns. Understand the different categories based on the thickness of skin involved.

Types of Burns and Classification