Safety Officer Chapter 5-1 Complete
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Questions and Answers

What does Francis Brannigan emphasize in the text?

  • Experience alone is not sufficient to predict building collapse. (correct)
  • Building construction theories are not important in predicting collapse.
  • Firefighters should rely solely on their judgment to predict building collapse.
  • Predicting building collapse is not necessary for firefighters.

Why does the text suggest that firefighters should not solely rely on experience to predict building collapse?

  • Experience is irrelevant in the field of firefighting.
  • Experience alone may not provide comprehensive knowledge of building construction. (correct)
  • Relying on experience causes buildings to collapse without warning.
  • Experience always accurately predicts building collapse.

What role do Incident Safety Officers (ISOs) play in the context of building collapse?

  • Relaying warnings after a collapse has already occurred.
  • Ignoring building construction considerations.
  • Communicating effectively with the Incident Commander and Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC). (correct)
  • Predicting collapses solely based on their own judgment.

Why is it important for firefighters to understand building construction theories?

<p>To make accurate judgments regarding the potential for a building to collapse. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of this chapter on building construction?

<p>Explaining essential building construction topics for evaluating collapse potential (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the author of the book 'Building Construction for the Fire Service'?

<p>Francis L. Brannigan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What important role does Francis L. Brannigan play in the fire service?

<p>Instructor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phrase did Francis L. Brannigan coin to emphasize the importance of understanding buildings?

<p>'The warning is the brain.' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'dead load' in building construction terms?

<p>Weight of the building itself and anything permanently attached to it (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of loads in building construction?

<p>To protect occupants from outside elements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many editions has 'Building Construction for the Fire Service' gone through?

<p>5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'The Ol' Professor' is a reference to:

<p>'Francis L. Brannigan' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Read a building' is a concept used by:

<p>'ISOs' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Lightweight buildings are made to be disposable.' - Who made this statement?

<p>'The Ol' Professor' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Don’t make light of a partial collapse...' - What important advice does this quote provide?

<p>[Partial collapse] can endanger those under it and on top of it. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who helped update the fifth edition of 'Building Construction for the Fire Service' after Brannigan's death?

<p>Glenn Corbett (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of force causes a material to be crushed or flattened axially through the material?

<p>Compression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the three types of forces acting on materials?

<p>Twisting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of a material directly correlated with in terms of its fire resistance?

<p>Heat resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which material type will bend, deflect, or stretch but retain some strength when resisting forces?

<p>Plastics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental concept that influences a material's ability to resist a load during fire conditions?

<p>Mass (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is classified as a force that causes a material to be torn in opposite directions perpendicular or diagonal to the material?

<p>Shear (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of load is imposed off-center to another object?

<p>Concentrated load (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must a building structurally carry to be sound according to the text?

<p>Axial load (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes another object to twist when a torsional load is imposed?

<p>Shear (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept directly affects a material's fire resistance according to the text?

<p>Mass of the material (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do ductile materials primarily do before breaking according to the text?

<p>Bend (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) and Oriented Strand Board (OSB)?

<p>LVL is used for beams and columns while OSB is used for the web of I-beams. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does a wooden I-beam fail quickly when heated?

<p>The binding glue in the beam loses its strength when exposed to heat. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the guiding principle behind a column's structural function?

<p>A column transmits a compressive force axially through its center. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are squares and circles preferred shapes for columns?

<p>Because they can carry axial loads more efficiently. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of force is exerted on the top of a beam under load?

<p>Compression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does increasing the distance between the top and bottom of a beam affect its load-carrying capacity?

<p>Increases the load-carrying capacity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the shape of an "I-beam"?

<p>The shape when viewed from either end (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural element is used to keep two buildings from falling into an alleyway?

<p>A horizontal beam (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an open web in a beam mean?

<p>It refers to utility openings or cutouts in the web of the beam (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What supports a beam in its role of transferring loads perpendicularly?

<p>A column or another beam (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does an I-beam's web or stem play in its structure?

<p>Connects the top and bottom chords of the beam (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element of a building resists gravity and delivers loads to earth?

<p>Columns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pre-tensioning and post-tensioning cables in concrete construction?

<p>To provide strength to the concrete by compressing it (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'tilt-up' construction refer to?

<p>Construction using precast slabs tilted upwards (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does concrete tend to slowly absorb and retain heat instead of conducting it like steel?

<p>Concrete has a lower specific heat capacity than steel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to steel when exposed to high temperatures during a fire?

<p>Steel softens, elongates, and sags (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is cooling structural steel during a fire important?

<p>To avoid thermal stress caused by heat exposure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which material is commonly used for forming load-bearing walls due to its compressive strength?

<p>Concrete block and stone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do mortar mixes used in masonry walls differ from concrete in terms of strength?

<p>Mortar mixes have compressive strength but no tensile or shear strength (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Composite' materials referred to in the text are primarily a combination of what?

<p>'Composite' materials are a mix of plastics, adhesives, and various other materials (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'I-joists' in construction are primarily made from a combination of which engineered wood products?

<p>'I-joists' consist of laminated veneer lumber and oriented strand board (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Spalling' in masonry walls can occur due to what factor during a fire?

<p>'Spalling' occurs due to brick or blocks absorbing more heat than mortar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Axially imposed compression forces' are essential for maintaining the strength of which structural elements?

<p>Masonry walls made of brick or stone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do masonry walls become 'unstable' after losing their wooden roof in a fire?

<p>The loss of load from the roof weakens the wall's overall structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of beam is supported at only one end?

<p>Cantilever beam (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of construction are open-webbed beams commonly used?

<p>Truss construction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a purlin in construction?

<p>To support roof decking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of truss is commonly used for flat roofs or floors?

<p>Parallel chord truss (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes bowstring truss roofs dangerous for firefighters?

<p>They are prone to sudden collapsing when exposed to fire (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates a girder from a joist in construction?

<p>Supported in three or more places vs. used to support floors or roof sheeting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do parallel chord trusses differ from arched trusses?

<p>Curved bottom chord vs. straight bottom chord (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a lintel in construction?

<p>&quot;Header&quot; over a garage door opening (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are firefighters cautious around arched roofs?

<p>&quot;Bowstring&quot; trusses can collapse easily under fire exposure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Conventional construction' refers to structures primarily using which type of beams?

<p>&quot;Solid wood or steel&quot; beams (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes a simple arch roof different from other types of roof construction?

<p>The beams are shaped like an arch resting on walls (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of a simple beam in construction?

<p>It is supported at only one end near its ends (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of roof structure resembles a 3-D simple arch according to the text?

<p>Lamella arch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of connections in structural elements, what is typically the 'weak link' in structural failure during fires?

<p>Connection point (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a rigid connection from a pinned connection in structural elements?

<p>Elements bonded together (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of connection uses gravity alone to hold the load in place?

<p>Gravity connection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used for beams resting on exterior walls in building construction?

<p>Wall-bearing buildings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is commonly used to repair sagging or cracking wooden rigid-arch trusses?

<p>Steel tie rod (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a tie rod or steel wire bottom restraint in a tied arch structure?

<p>To help keep the ends of the top beam in compression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Older geometric domes are like a 3-D simple arch implies that ___________.

<p><code>Trussed roofs have bottom chords unlike 3-D simple arches</code> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A series of post columns and beams used to hold up a building refers to which construction method?

<p><code>Skeletal frame</code> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lamella arch roofs are not considered trussed roofs because __________.

<p><code>They lack diagonal web members typical of trusses</code> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Embedded rebar in reinforced concrete, beaded welds, and adhesives are examples of what type of connections?

<p><code>Rigid connections</code> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinctive characteristic of native wood when exposed to flame?

<p>It takes on an alligator skin-like pattern and burns quickly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the shape of a steel column used for compression forces typically look when viewed from the end?

<p>Square or circle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature does cold-drawn steel, like cables and lightweight fasteners, lose 55% of its strength?

<p>800°F (427°C) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a steel beam that is fixed at two ends when exposed to high temperatures?

<p>It expands and deforms, potentially leading to collapse. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does steel typically play in concrete construction due to concrete's properties?

<p>Steel enhances the compressive strength of concrete. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique characteristic makes engineered wood different from native wood when exposed to fire?

<p>Engineered wood reacts differently under heat due to the glues used in its production. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of strength does steel have that makes it suitable for girders, lintels, and columns?

<p>Tensile, shear, and compressive strength (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific feature of concrete's curing process contributes to achieving strength?

<p>A chemical reaction bonding the mixture into a solid mass (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to structural steel as temperatures rise in a fire scenario?

<p>It loses strength and elongates. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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