Types of Bacteria Infecting Plants

By producing large amounts of polysaccharides that block the xylem vessels.

Proteobacteria

Helicobacter pylori

<p>By insects such as aphids that suck plant sap.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrogen compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Xanthan gum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seed treatment, treatment of vegetative propagation material, foliar sprays, therapy, immunisation, disease forecasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.02% streptocycline treatment of seed tubers of potato against brown rot disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selection, breeding, and other methods are used to evolve resistant varieties</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pencillin and vancomycin are used for disintegration of the crow gall</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps in timely and economic management based on observations and prediction models</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Screening for resistance sources under artificial conditions and evolving resistant varieties</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sign of plant disease is physical evidence of the pathogen, such as a bacterial exudate or fungal growth. A symptom of plant disease is a visible effect of the disease on the plant, such as a change in color, shape, or function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptoms of bacterial canker on tomato, capsicum, and chilli plants include seedlings dying, older plants wilting and dying, leaves turning yellow and wilting on one side, and the development of cankers on the stems and fruit. The tissue inside the stems also becomes discolored.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The symptoms of bacterial soft rot include a wet, slimy, and soft rot that affects any part of the vegetable crop, including heads, curds, edible roots, stems, and leaves. The affected areas may also have a disagreeable odor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On lettuce, the symptoms include large brown to black circular areas that start as small translucent spots, usually on the outer leaves. On tomatoes and capsicums, the symptoms are greasy spots on leaves and stems that go from tan to black, and the fruit may have circular spots with a central scab. On cucurbits, the symptoms begin as small water-soaked/greasy spots on the underside of leaves with corresponding yellowing on the upper side, and the fruit may produce a light-brown ooze from water-soaked markings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The symptoms of bacterial wilt include wilting, yellowing, and stunting of the plants, but they may also wilt rapidly and die without any spotting or yellowing. The vascular tissue appears brown and water-soaked, and a white ooze appears when pressure is applied to affected tubers or stems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On beet, the symptoms are irregular, round leaf spots with a grey center surrounded by a purple margin. On spring onions/shallots, the symptoms are pale yellow to light-brown lesions with a water-soaked appearance around the margins, and the outer leaves wither and die while the youngest leaf turns lemon to light-green. On leeks, the symptoms are brown streaking on the shank.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exclusion, eradication, plant sanitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Citrus canker in Florida, USA during 1914-1927</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduces the intensity of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sterilization of the cutting knife by flame or by 0.1% KMNO4 solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delinting of cotton seed with concentrated sulphuric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Removing dead plant parts and protecting cut surfaces with bactericides</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aphids use needle-like mouth parts to puncture plant stems and tap directly into the phloem vessels, which transport sugars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Mycoplasma bacteria grow inside aphids and are introduced into plants when the aphids feed, acting as an efficient means of transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common symptoms include leaf discoloration, absence or abnormal coloration of flowers, and general weakening of the plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria can survive in plant debris, seeds, soil, water, on inanimate objects, inside insects, and in association with perennial host plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some bacterial diseases require specific temperature conditions to progress, e.g. Pseudomonas syringae below 22°C and Xanthomonas campestris above 22°C on dry bean plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria can enter through natural plant openings like stomata, wounds or abrasions, by being sucked in, or by being introduced by insect vectors during feeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vibrio cholerae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Xanthan gum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It causes black rot by blocking xylem vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By insects that suck plant sap, such as aphids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteobacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stunted growth and leaf curling</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect against leaf spots and blights</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developing resistance sources for pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using bacteriophage population as an index</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breeding for desirable traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protecting against bacterial diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptomycin sulphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Practicing crop rotation with cereals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delinting cotton seed with concentrated sulphuric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exclusion of disease entry from diseased to healthy tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protecting injured plant parts during cultural operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soaking rice seeds in 0.025% streptocyclic solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immediately growing tobacco after maize</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transport sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aphids use needle-like mouth parts to puncture the plant stems and tap directly into the sugar-rich phloem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By wind-blown soil and sand particles that cause plant wounding</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both (b) and (c)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mycoplasma bacteria grow inside aphids and other sap-sucking insects and are then introduced into plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sign is physical evidence of the pathogen, while a symptom is a visible effect on the plant caused by the pathogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seedlings may die, and older plants may wilt and die eventually.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pseudomonas spp., Erwinia spp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Begin as small water-soaked/greasy spots on underside of leaves with corresponding yellowing on upper side; fruit may produce light-brown ooze from water-soaked markings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wilting and rapid death of plants without any spotting or yellowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small dark spots on leaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers