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Questions and Answers
Which type of adjectives in Hindi are formed from past participles and do not change their form with gender or number?
Which type of adjectives in Hindi are formed from past participles and do not change their form with gender or number?
In Hindi, what suffix is added to the past participle of a verb to form Anu-Adjectives?
In Hindi, what suffix is added to the past participle of a verb to form Anu-Adjectives?
Which type of adjectives in Hindi describe what happened before the event described in the main sentence?
Which type of adjectives in Hindi describe what happened before the event described in the main sentence?
What happens to the form of Purna Adjectives in Hindi when they modify a noun?
What happens to the form of Purna Adjectives in Hindi when they modify a noun?
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Which type of adjectives in Hindi are also known as verbal adjectives?
Which type of adjectives in Hindi are also known as verbal adjectives?
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What is the English equivalent of 'खाये/खायी' when used as an adjective in Hindi?
What is the English equivalent of 'खाये/खायी' when used as an adjective in Hindi?
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Which type of adjectives compare two or more things, just like superlatives?
Which type of adjectives compare two or more things, just like superlatives?
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What type of adjectivesappear after their head noun and modify it directly without any linking word like 'is'?
What type of adjectivesappear after their head noun and modify it directly without any linking word like 'is'?
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Which adjectives convey the highest degree of comparison among three or more things?
Which adjectives convey the highest degree of comparison among three or more things?
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In English, what kind of adjectives use different forms depending on whether they compare two or three or more things?
In English, what kind of adjectives use different forms depending on whether they compare two or three or more things?
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Which type of adjectives do not exist in some languages like English?
Which type of adjectives do not exist in some languages like English?
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What type of adjectives use phrases related to feelings or emotions for comparisons?
What type of adjectives use phrases related to feelings or emotions for comparisons?
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Study Notes
Adjectives in the Hindi Language
Adjectives are descriptive words that modify nouns or pronouns by providing additional information about their qualities, characteristics, or properties. In the Hindi language, various types of adjectives can be used to convey different meanings and shades of meaning.
1. Purna Adjectives (Complete Adjectives)
These adjectives are formed from past participles and do not change their form with gender or number. Examples of complete adjectives in English would be 'seen', 'heard' or 'told'. In Hindi, they take a -e/-ee suffix after the root verb. For instance, खाए 'khaaye' (past participle) becomes खाये/खायी 'khaaye/khayee' when used as an adjective modifying a noun like 'घर' (ghar) which can then mean something like 'seen home' or 'heard house'.
2. Anu-Adjectives (Participle Adjectives)
These are also known as verbal adjectives and are made by adding the suffix '-e' to the past participle of a verb. For example, if someone has eaten before going out, you might say that they have already eaten. This 'already' is not part of the main sentence but describes what happened before the event described in the main sentence. In Hindi, these are called 'अनुव्यूहिक पदात्मक' ('anuvyuyhika padaatmaka') and take no gender or number change.
3. Atyant-Adjectives (Superlative Adjectives)
As their name suggests, these adjectives convey the highest degree of comparison among three or more things. They use different forms depending on whether they compare two or three or more things. For instance, in English, we say 'the tallest', 'the shortest', etc., for comparing among many things, while for just two things, it's simply 'taller' or 'shorter'. Similarly, Hindi uses different phrases for superlatives such as 'बड़े' (badre), 'चोटे' (chote), 'जीवन' (jeevan), 'अधर' (adhar), 'उल्लढ़ि' (ulloshi), 'सबसे आगे' (sabse age) for various situations.
4. Swayamvar-Adjectives (Predicate Adjectives)
These are adjectives that appear after their head noun and modify it directly without any linking word like 'is'. For example, instead of saying "The man was brave," one could say "The brave man." These types of adjectives do not exist in some languages like English, where there is always a connecting word between the adjective and the noun it modifies.
5. Bhavna-Adjectives (Comparative Adjectives)
These adjectives compare two or more things, just like the superlatives above. For instance, when comparing three colors - red, blue, green - one might say 'reddish-blue', 'bluish-green'. In Hindi, such comparisons use words related to feelings or emotions like 'बन्धू' (bandhu), 'माँ' (maa), etc., indicating closeness or distance between two people. For example, 'माँ-सेवा' (mama seva), meaning service done by mother.
Conclusion
Understanding these different types of adjectives in the Hindi language allows for richer descriptions and enhances the clarity of communication. They provide valuable tools for expressing various shades of meaning and nuances within the linguistic structure of this language. Whether used for comparing qualities among items or conveying emotional connections among people, each type serves its unique purpose in effectively communicating information in the Hindi context.
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Description
Learn about the different types of adjectives in the Hindi language, including Purna Adjectives, Anu-Adjectives, Atyant-Adjectives, Swayamvar-Adjectives, and Bhavna-Adjectives. Explore how these adjectives modify nouns or pronouns to convey various meanings and nuances within Hindi sentences.
