Types and Functions of RNA Molecules

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What type of RNA is responsible for conveying the activated amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis?

Ribosomal RNA

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA)

Transfer RNA (tRNA) (correct)

Which RNA molecule controls gene transcription and translation?

MicroRNA (miRNA) (correct)

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Ribosomal RNA

Precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA)

What is the primary function of Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)?

Controls gene transcription and translation

Produces proteins

Transfers amino acids to ribosomes

Regulates splicing of pre-mRNA (correct)

During splicing, what part of the precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is removed?

Introns Signup and view all the answers

Which RNA type plays an important role in protein synthesis?

Ribosomal RNA Signup and view all the answers

What nitrogenous base does RNA contain instead of thymine?

'Uracil' Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of insulator sequences in the genetic regulation?

To provide a barrier between active and repressed genes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regulatory elements is responsible for activating the gene promoter?

Enhancer sequences Signup and view all the answers

Which type of feedback control system is the most common in the body?

Negative feedback control system Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of substances outside the cells, such as hormones, in the regulation of intracellular biochemical reactions?

They can activate or inhibit intracellular genetic and enzymatic regulatory mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a mutation?

A change in the DNA sequence that is inherited Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a mutagen?

Radiation (e.g., x-rays) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main methods by which biochemical activities in the cell are regulated?

Control of enzyme activity and genetic control Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of intracellular inhibitors or activators in controlling the activity of the cell?

Control enzyme activity Signup and view all the answers

Which element near the transcription start site of a gene consists of the TATA box and the CAAT box?

Basal promoter Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of enhancer sequences in gene expression regulation?

Activate gene promoter Signup and view all the answers

What is the main feature that separates exons from introns in a gene structure?

Noncoding regions Signup and view all the answers

Which component is crucial for understanding the genetic control of gene expression?

Regulatory region Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

The tRNA carries the amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled into a polypeptide chain. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

To serve as the site where amino acids are assembled into polypeptide chains. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the mRNA molecule in protein synthesis?

To determine the amino acid sequence of a protein in cooperation with tRNA. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the ribosome reaches a termination signal on the mRNA molecule?

The ribosome dissociates from the mRNA, and the polypeptide is released into the cytoplasm. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of micro RNA (miRNA)?

To control gene expression by reducing or inhibiting gene expression. Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of regulating gene activity in cells?

To ensure that proteins are synthesized at the appropriate time and in the correct amounts. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of RNA polymerase in transcription?

Initiates the process of transcription Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of transcription factors in gene expression?

Stimulate or inhibit gene expression Signup and view all the answers

In transcription, what do enhancers primarily do?

Stimulate transcription by binding to DNA sequences Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in translation?

Binds amino acids and carries them to ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

Where does translation primarily occur?

Ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure on tRNA that binds to an amino acid?

Site for amino acid binding Signup and view all the answers