Types and Functions of RNA Molecules
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Questions and Answers

What type of RNA is responsible for conveying the activated amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis?

  • Ribosomal RNA
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA)
  • Precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA)
  • Transfer RNA (tRNA) (correct)

    • Which RNA molecule controls gene transcription and translation?

  • MicroRNA (miRNA) (correct)
  • Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)
  • Ribosomal RNA
  • Precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA)

    • What is the primary function of Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)?

  • Controls gene transcription and translation
  • Produces proteins
  • Transfers amino acids to ribosomes
  • Regulates splicing of pre-mRNA (correct)

    • During splicing, what part of the precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is removed?

    <p>Introns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which RNA type plays an important role in protein synthesis?

    <p>Ribosomal RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nitrogenous base does RNA contain instead of thymine?

    <p>'Uracil'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of insulator sequences in the genetic regulation?

    <p>To provide a barrier between active and repressed genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following regulatory elements is responsible for activating the gene promoter?

    <p>Enhancer sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of feedback control system is the most common in the body?

    <p>Negative feedback control system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of substances outside the cells, such as hormones, in the regulation of intracellular biochemical reactions?

    <p>They can activate or inhibit intracellular genetic and enzymatic regulatory mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a mutation?

    <p>A change in the DNA sequence that is inherited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a mutagen?

    <p>Radiation (e.g., x-rays)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main methods by which biochemical activities in the cell are regulated?

    <p>Control of enzyme activity and genetic control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of intracellular inhibitors or activators in controlling the activity of the cell?

    <p>Control enzyme activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element near the transcription start site of a gene consists of the TATA box and the CAAT box?

    <p>Basal promoter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of enhancer sequences in gene expression regulation?

    <p>Activate gene promoter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main feature that separates exons from introns in a gene structure?

    <p>Noncoding regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is crucial for understanding the genetic control of gene expression?

    <p>Regulatory region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

    <p>The tRNA carries the amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled into a polypeptide chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

    <p>To serve as the site where amino acids are assembled into polypeptide chains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the mRNA molecule in protein synthesis?

    <p>To determine the amino acid sequence of a protein in cooperation with tRNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the ribosome reaches a termination signal on the mRNA molecule?

    <p>The ribosome dissociates from the mRNA, and the polypeptide is released into the cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of micro RNA (miRNA)?

    <p>To control gene expression by reducing or inhibiting gene expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of regulating gene activity in cells?

    <p>To ensure that proteins are synthesized at the appropriate time and in the correct amounts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of RNA polymerase in transcription?

    <p>Initiates the process of transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of transcription factors in gene expression?

    <p>Stimulate or inhibit gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In transcription, what do enhancers primarily do?

    <p>Stimulate transcription by binding to DNA sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in translation?

    <p>Binds amino acids and carries them to ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does translation primarily occur?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure on tRNA that binds to an amino acid?

    <p>Site for amino acid binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

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