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Questions and Answers
Which chemokine family includes RANTES?
Which chemokine family includes RANTES?
Which chemokine is characterized as a major polymorphonuclear activating factor and chemoattractant?
Which chemokine is characterized as a major polymorphonuclear activating factor and chemoattractant?
Which type of cells do a chemokine from the CXC family predominantly attract?
Which type of cells do a chemokine from the CXC family predominantly attract?
Which chemokine family includes IL-8?
Which chemokine family includes IL-8?
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Which chemokine induces leukocyte migration and accumulation in inflammatory sites?
Which chemokine induces leukocyte migration and accumulation in inflammatory sites?
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What is the full form of MCP in the context of chemokines?
What is the full form of MCP in the context of chemokines?
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Which chemokine family includes MIP-1a?
Which chemokine family includes MIP-1a?
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Which chemokine family does Lymphotactin belong to?
Which chemokine family does Lymphotactin belong to?
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Which chemokine is potent for attracting monocytes and lymphocytes among other cell types?
Which chemokine is potent for attracting monocytes and lymphocytes among other cell types?
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In which publication can the detailed information about chemokine nomenclature be found?
In which publication can the detailed information about chemokine nomenclature be found?
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Study Notes
Cytokines and Chemokines
- Cytokines are pleiotropic, acting on various cells and producing different effects.
- Cytokines can be classified into three types: endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine.
T Cell Activation
- Intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM) are associated with antigen (LFA-1).
- CD40 and CD40L play a crucial role in T cell activation.
- CD28 and B7.1 (B7.2) are involved in T cell activation.
Primary Structures of MHC Class I and Class II
- MHC class I molecules consist of one heavy chain (45 kD) and a light chain called β2-microglobulin (12 kD).
- MHC class II molecules consist of two chains (alpha and β) of similar size (34 and 30 kD).
Interleukins
- IL-2 is involved in T cell growth.
- IL-4 is involved in B cell growth and differentiation.
- IL-5 is involved in B cell differentiation and activates macrophages.
- IL-12 is involved in B cell growth and activates T cells.
- IL-18 is involved in inducing IFN-γ and is a member of the IL-1 family.
Regulation of Normal Body Functions
- Cytokines play a crucial role in regulating various body functions, including metabolism, wound healing, inflammation, infections, and cardiovascular disease.
Schematic Representation of Wound Healing
- Wound healing involves platelet aggregation, cell immigration, removal of debris, cytokine secretion, and neovascularization.
MHC Class I and Class II Pathways
- MHC class I pathway involves the processing of antigens through the endoplasmic reticulum.
- MHC class II pathway involves the processing of antigens through the endosome.
Immune Mediators and Neuroinflammatory Disorders
- Immune mediators contribute to the development of neuroinflammatory disorders, such as multiple sclerosis.
- Cytokines, such as IFN-γ, play a crucial role in these disorders.
Interferons
- Interferons are divided into two types: Type I and Type II.
- Type I interferons (IFN-α and IFN-β) are involved in the first line of antiviral defense.
- Type II interferon (IFN-γ) is involved in the activation of macrophages and the induction of MHC antigens.
Type III Interferons
- Type III interferons (IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29) are involved in the antiviral response and the activation of immune cells.
Chemokines
- Chemokines are chemoattractant cytokines that form a large family of structurally related proteins.
- The chemokine superfamily is divided into four groups: CXC, CC, C, and CX3C.
- Chemokines are involved in the regulation of leukocyte migration and accumulation in inflammatory sites.
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Description
Learn about Type I interferons, including IFN-a and IFN-b, as major contributors to antiviral defense. Explore the role of Type II interferon, IFN-g, in immune response and its clinical applications.
