Lecture 16 – Covalent bonds
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Questions and Answers

What type of bond is characterized by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

  • Ionic bond
  • Hydrogen bond
  • Covalent bond (correct)
  • Metallic bond
  • Which element is commonly needed for biological molecules and has four valence electrons?

  • Carbon (correct)
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Nitrogen
  • What is the primary enzyme responsible for protein digestion in the stomach?

  • Amylase
  • Pepsin (correct)
  • Trypsin
  • Chymotrypsin
  • Which statement about covalent bonds is true?

    <p>They are strong and directional.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of isomer has the same molecular formula but different arrangements of bonds?

    <p>Structural isomer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond does NOT allow for free rotation?

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the different spatial arrangements of atoms in a molecule with the same molecular formula?

    <p>Isomerism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of carbohydrates, what does the term "anomeric carbon" refer to?

    <p>A chiral carbon in the ring form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes stereoisomers?

    <p>Same molecular formula and arrangement but different spatial orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of isomerism is observed in maleic acid and fumaric acid?

    <p>Geometric isomerism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functional group is located at the end of a carbon chain in an aldehyde?

    <p>Carbonyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of a chiral carbon gives rise to optical isomers?

    <p>The carbon is bonded to four different groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following interactions is primarily responsible for the stability of protein structures?

    <p>Noncovalent interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interaction occurs when water molecules surround and separate ions?

    <p>Ionic interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of bond angles in covalent bonds?

    <p>They affect the molecular shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of isomers has the same functional groups but different positions of those groups?

    <p>Positional isomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of isomerism cannot interconvert due to restricted rotation?

    <p>Geometric isomerism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which projection represents bonds that point behind the plane of the paper?

    <p>Fischer projection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about cis/trans isomers is true?

    <p>They differ in spatial arrangement around a double bond.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of glycosidic bonds in carbohydrates?

    <p>To link monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of noncovalent interaction is the weakest?

    <p>Dispersion forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functional group is present in both aldehydes and ketones?

    <p>Carbonyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of bond rotation in molecular structures?

    <p>Different conformations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules can exhibit optical isomerism?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the stability of cis and trans isomers?

    <p>The spatial arrangement of atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of covalent bonds, what does "directionality" refer to?

    <p>The specific angles at which bonds form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of structural isomers?

    <p>They differ in the arrangement of atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a potential energy barrier in bond formation?

    <p>Activation energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between functional groups and isomerism?

    <p>The position of functional groups can create positional isomers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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