Two-Component Solid/Liquid Systems
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Questions and Answers

What is the number of degrees of freedom for the system ice-water-vapour at the triple point?

  • 3
  • 2
  • 1
  • 0 (correct)
  • What is the effect of an increase in pressure on the melting point of ice?

  • It has no effect on the melting point
  • It increases the melting point
  • It decreases the melting point (correct)
  • It has a varying effect on the melting point
  • What is the condition for a system to be monovariant?

  • It has three phases and two components
  • It has two phases and two components
  • It has one phase and two components
  • It has two phases and one component (correct)
  • What is the significance of the triple point 'O' in the phase diagram?

    <p>It represents the equilibrium of three phases: liquid water, ice, and vapour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Le Chatelier's principle in the phase diagram?

    <p>It states that the melting point of ice decreases with an increase of pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for a system to be nonvariant?

    <p>It has three phases and one component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of degrees of freedom in a one-phase and one-component system?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the areas AOC, AOB, and BOC represent in the phase diagram?

    <p>The conditions for stable existence of one phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal melting point of ice at 1.0 atmosphere?

    <p>0°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the supercooled water/vapour system?

    <p>Metastable system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature at which the two solid polymorphic forms of sulphur, SR and SM, are in equilibrium?

    <p>95.6°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of phases in the sulphur system represented in the phase diagram?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the point at which the three phases of water, ice, and water vapour coexist in equilibrium?

    <p>Triple point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the state of the system when it has two phases, such as water and water vapour?

    <p>Univariant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which the supercooled water/vapour system reverts to the stable system ice/vapour?

    <p>Phase transition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the relationship between the two solid polymorphic forms of sulphur, SR and SM?

    <p>Enantiotropy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the degree of freedom at the equilibrium represented by the curve AC?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the point C in the phase diagram?

    <p>Both A and B are in equilibrium with the solution phase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of phases at the point C in the phase diagram?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adding B to A on the freezing point of A?

    <p>It decreases the freezing point of A.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of system is represented by the phase diagram in Figure 19.5?

    <p>Simple Eutectic System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the degree of freedom at the point C in the phase diagram?

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phase transition that occurs when the system moves from the curve AC to the point C?

    <p>Liquid solution to solid A and solid B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the curves AC and BC in the phase diagram?

    <p>Curve AC represents the freezing point of A, while curve BC represents the freezing point of B.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Simple Eutectic Systems

    • A 2-component condensed system has a phase diagram consisting of a Temperature-Concentration graph (TC graph)
    • The diagram shows the freezing point curves of two components A and B, which are completely miscible in the liquid state
    • The curves intersect at the eutectic point C, where both solids A and B are in equilibrium with the solution phase

    Freezing Point Curves

    • Curve AC: Freezing point curve of A, where the freezing point of A falls with the addition of B
    • Curve BC: Freezing point curve of B, where the freezing point of B falls with the addition of A

    Eutectic Point

    • The eutectic point C is where the two curves AC and BC meet
    • At point C, both solids A and B are in equilibrium with the solution phase
    • The system has 3 phases: solid A, solid B, and the solution
    • Applying the reduced phase rule equation, the degree of freedom is 0, making the system nonvariant

    One-Phase Systems

    • Area AOB represents the one-phase system water vapour
    • Area BOC represents the one-phase system ice
    • Each system has 2 degrees of freedom
    • The system is bivariant

    Metastable System: Supercooled Water/Vapour System

    • Water can be supercooled by carefully eliminating solid particles
    • The supercooled water/vapour system is metastable (unstable)
    • It reverts to the stable system ice/vapour on disturbance or introduction of a crystal of ice

    Polymorphic Forms of Sulphur

    • Two solid polymorphic forms of sulphur: Rhombic Sulphur (SR) and Monoclinic Sulphur (SM)
    • SR is stable below 95.6°C, while SM is stable above 95.6°C
    • At 95.6°C, each form can be gradually transformed to the other and the two are in equilibrium

    Phase Diagram of Sulphur System

    • The phase diagram shows the enantiotropy of sulphur
    • The diagram has four phases: two solid polymorphic forms (SR and SM), sulphur liquid (SL), and sulphur vapour (SV)

    Phase Diagram of Water

    • The phase diagram shows the effect of pressure on the melting point of ice
    • The melting point of ice decreases with an increase in pressure
    • The triple point is the point where all three phases (liquid water, ice, and vapour) are in equilibrium

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    Description

    Learn about the phase diagrams of two-component condensed systems, including simple eutectic systems and their temperature-concentration graphs.

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