თვალის დაავადებები - მიზეზები და სიმპტომები

Eye Disorders - Causes and Symptoms

• Optic nerve disc swelling: Possible causes include inflammatory processes, intracranial cysts, brain tumours, brain trauma, and similar conditions.

Myopia

• Far point of clear vision: Located at infinity for myopia.

Optic Nerve

• Optic nerve pathway: Contains the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery.

Limbus

• Limbus location: Corresponds to the attachment sites of recti muscles and projection zones of the ciliary body.

Corneal Erosion

• Causes of corneal erosion: Possible causes include lacrimation, eye pain, photophobia, and blepharospasm.

Lens Power

• Lens refractive power: Ranges up to 30 diopters.

Accommodation

• Resting accommodation: Refractive power of the lens ranges from 25-32 diopters.

Retinal Detachment

• Optimal surgical intervention timing: Best results achieved within the first 2-3 weeks after the onset of the disease.

Open-Angle Glaucoma

• Danger of open-angle glaucoma: Primarily dangerous due to the asymptomatic nature of its progression, leading to gradual loss of vision.

Secondary Glaucoma

• Causes of post-inflammatory glaucoma: Possible causes include anterior uveitis, neuroretinitis, scleritis, keratitis, and choroiditis.

Intraocular Hemorrhage

• Signs of expulsive hemorrhage: Include the extrusion of the choroid and vitreous body from the wound, increasing intraocular pressure, pulsating vitreous with hemorrhagic discharge, and severe eye pain.

Diabetic Angioretinopathy

• Risk factors of diabetic angioretinopathy: Include hyperglycemia and hypoalbuminemia (not myopia).

Tear Production

• Organs involved in tear production: Include lacrimal puncta, lacrimal canaliculi, and lacrimal gland and accessory lacrimal glands.

Extraocular Muscles

• Innervation of extraocular muscles: Controlled by the oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, and abducens nerve.

Optic Nerve

• Optic nerve exit point: Exits the orbit through the optic foramen.

Vascular Tract

• Function of vascular tract: Supports the trophic function of the eye.

Lens Types

• Lens classification: Classified based on the shape of the refractive surfaces - spherical and cylindrical.

Aqueous Humor Drainage

• Aqueous humor drainage: Occurs through the trabecular zone.

Hypermetropia

• Far point of clear vision: Located in front of the eye at a finite distance, not at infinity.

Refraction Examination

• Objective methods of refraction examination: Include retinoscopy, autorefraction, and skiascopy.

Cataract

• Management of mature cataract: Requires immediate removal or extraction.

Retina Function

• Retina function: Performs light reception and also supports trophic functions.

Blood Supply to the Eye

• Blood supply to the eye: Supplied by the ophthalmic artery and ciliary arteries.

Pupillary Block

• Characteristics of pupillary block: Characterized by abnormalities in aqueous humor outflow, elevated intraocular pressure, and conjunctival congestion, not necessarily fibrous obstruction.

Vascular Tract

• Layers of the vascular tract: Exclude the retina's blood vessels from layers of the vascular tract.

High Myopia

• High myopia characteristics: Refractive power exceeding 6.25 diopters.

Penetrating Injury to Eye

• Identification of penetrating eye injury: Confirmed by signs of movement-related pain and presence of vitreous body and/or foreign bodies which may be confirmed by special tests.

Corneal Ulcers

• Corneal ulcer symptoms: Include pain, tearing and photophobia, not just specific vascularizations.

Orbital Abscess

• Treatment of orbital abscess: Requires incision and drainage, not just cold compresses.

Vitreous Body

• Function of vitreous body: Supports transmission of light through it's function as a buffer.

Intraocular Fluid

• Humor production: Primarily produced by the ciliary body.

Cataract Extraction

• Ideal approach for cataract extraction: Performed under general anesthesia, avoiding local anesthesia alone.

Foreign Bodies in the Eye

• Detection of foreign bodies: Detected by biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy, and various other tests.

Astigmatism

• Types of astigmatism: Simple, compound, and mixed, characterized by irregular or unequal curvature of the cornea.

Eyelid Injury

• Eyelid tissue regeneration: Generally high in eyelids but may vary relative to other regions of the face.

Cataract Types

• Included in cataract types: Acquired conditions include opacification and different degrees of opacity.

Accommodation

• Accommodation mechanism: Ciliary muscle contraction, tightening of choroidal fibers and zonular fibers; resulting in a more convex lens and an increase in refractive power.

Corneal Diseases

• Corneal Disease Effects: Corneal diseases can reduce vision as a result of vascularization or irregular curvature (with astigmatism).

Corneal Power

• Average Corneal Power: Approximately 43 diopters.

Far Point of Clear Vision

• Definition: The minimum distance at which objects appear clear when the eye is completely accommodated.