30 Questions
What is the recommended treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension related to idiopathic PAH?
Careful use of sildenafil, weight loss
Which type of pulmonary hypertension is associated with COPD and primary parenchymal disease?
PH due to respiratory disease, hypoxia, or both
What is the recommended treatment for pulmonary emboli/thrombi/thromboemboli (PE/PT/PTE)?
Anti-coagulant therapy, weight loss
Which type of pulmonary hypertension requires treating the underlying left-sided heart disease?
PH due to left heart disease
What is the appropriate approach for addressing pulmonary hypertension with multifactorial or unclear mechanisms?
Need to address local disease
Which term refers to a sudden loss of postural tone due to lack of cerebral oxygenation with spontaneous recovery?
Syncope
Which category of syncope is characterized by a burst of uncontrolled electrical activity between neurons?
Arrhythmogenic
What should be addressed in cases of arrhythmogenic syncope after establishing the rhythm diagnosis?
Primary heart disease
Which factor should not be overlooked when considering the significance of syncope?
Drug exposure
What is the main limitation of using troponin concentration alone in diagnosing congestive heart failure?
It is only helpful in combination with other tests.
What can echocardiogram assess in animals with heart disease?
Intercardiac shunting
Why is it important to differentiate between syncope and seizure in collapsing events?
To provide accurate treatment and prognosis based on the underlying cause.
What is a common challenge in diagnosing arrhythmias in animals with syncope?
Intermittent nature of arrhythmias.
Why are boxers mentioned as being at risk in the context of the text?
For exhibiting arrhythmias related to ARVC.
What key diagnostic method should be considered for assessing heart rhythm in animals that present with collapsing or 'seizure-like' events?
ECG/Holter/event monitor
Which condition is characterized by inappropriate pauses due to disease of the SA node?
Sick sinus syndrome (SSS)
What is the definitive treatment for atropine-responsive sinus node dysfunction?
Medical management with atropine
Which of the following characteristics is associated with cardiogenic syncope due to left-sided heart disease?
Decreased systemic cardiac output
What is the primary pharmacological approach for treating cardiogenic syncope related to right-sided heart disease?
Pimobendan
Which type of lesion requires pericardiocentesis if tamponade is present?
LA tear
What physiological response results from reduced oxygen content to RBCs bypassing the lungs?
Increased PCV without affecting TS
Which condition involves a decrease in the pressure within the pulmonary vascular tree?
Pulmonary hypertension
What is the gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary hypertension?
(Right heart catheterization)
What is characteristic of cardiogenic syncope due to right-sided heart disease and could potentially lead to decreased systemic cardiac output?
Valve disease (tricuspid or pulmonic insufficiency)
What is considered as a primary treatment for reverse PDA?
Phlebotomy if PCV > 70%
What is the underlying mechanism of syncope triggered by coughing?
Coughing increases intrathoracic pressure reducing venous return
Which breed of dogs is more likely to experience vasovagal syncope?
Brachycephalic breeds
How does vasovagal syncope differ from tussive syncope?
Vasovagal syncope involves increased sympathetic tone, while tussive syncope involves parasympathetic surge.
What is the key management approach for situational syncope?
Avoiding instances that incite the events
What is a characteristic feature of vasovagal syncope in dogs?
Potential need for an event monitor to document relative bradycardia
This quiz covers the phenomenon of Tussive Syncope, also known as 'Cough-Drop' syndrome, where specific activities such as coughing trigger increased parasympathetic tone leading to bradycardia and vasodilation. The underlying mechanism involves rapid vagal nerve activity resulting in reduced cardiac output and blood pressure. Current theories suggest that coughing increases intrathoracic pressure, reducing venous return and cardiac output.
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