Türkçe Dilbilgisi

Turkish Grammar

Alphabet and Script

• Turkish language uses a modified Latin alphabet with 29 letters
• Additional letters: Ç, Ğ, I, İ, Ö, Ş, and Ü
• Vowels: A, E, I, İ, O, Ö, U, and Ü

Word Order

• Basic sentence structure: Subject-Object-Verb (SOV)
• Word order can change depending on emphasis and context

Morphology

• Agglutinative language: words formed by adding suffixes to roots
• Suffixes indicate grammatical function, such as case, number, and tense
• Vowel harmony: suffixes change depending on the vowel in the root

Cases

• Nominative: subject of the sentence
• Accusative: direct object
• Genitive: possession or attribute
• Dative: indirect object
• Ablative: means or instrument
• Locative: location or direction

Verb Conjugation

• Verbs conjugated according to tense, mood, and person
• Tenses: present, past, and future
• Moods: indicative, imperative, and conditional
• Person: first, second, and third person singular and plural

Tense and Aspect

• Present tense: ongoing action
• Past tense: completed action
• Future tense: future action
• Aspect: continuous, aorist, and perfective

Negation

• Negative suffix: -mA- or -me- attached to the verb root
• Negation can also be expressed using the word "değil" (not)

Clauses and Sentences

• Independent clauses: complete sentences
• Dependent clauses: subordinate clauses introduced by a subordinating conjunction
• Complex sentences: independent and dependent clauses combined