24 Questions
What is the primary factor used to determine the grading of a cancer?
The degree of differentiation of the tumour tissue
Which of the following is true about clinical features of tumours?
Tumours can be classified into different groups based on their mass effect, hormone production, para-neoplastic syndrome, and tumour cachexia
What is the most common system used for tumour staging?
TNM system
What is tumour grading based on?
The degree of differentiation of the tumour tissue
Which of the following is NOT a factor used to classify tumours into different groups?
Tumour size
What is tumour staging about?
The degree of tumour progression and its local anatomic extension, involvement of regional lymph nodes, and the presence or absence of distant metastasis
Why is staging of neoplastic disease important?
To select the best form of therapy for the patient
What is the most common system used for tumour staging?
TMN system
Why is staging of neoplastic disease important?
To select the best form of therapy for the patient
What is the primary factor that determines the clinical features of tumours?
The site of the tumour
Which of the following is NOT a sampling approach used for laboratory diagnosis of cancer?
Molecular diagnosis
Which is of greater clinical value, grading or staging?
Staging
What is the most important factor in the laboratory diagnosis of cancer?
The sampling approach used
What is tumour staging?
Assessing the degree of tumour progression
Why are tumour markers used in laboratory diagnosis of cancer?
To monitor the response to treatment
What are some techniques used for laboratory diagnosis of cancer?
Immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnosis
What is the primary factor that determines whether tumours are symptomatic or asymptomatic?
The size of the tumour
What is tumour cachexia?
The wasting syndrome associated with cancer
What is para-neoplastic syndrome?
A group of symptoms caused by the presence of a tumour
What is para-neoplastic syndrome?
A group of symptoms that occur in cancer patients but are not directly related to the tumour itself
Which of the following is not a sampling approach used for laboratory diagnosis of cancer?
Physical examination
What is the primary technique used for laboratory diagnosis of cancer?
Biopsy
What does TNM stand for in tumour staging?
Tumour, Node, Metastasis
Which is of greater clinical value, grading or staging of tumours?
Staging
Study Notes
Understanding Tumours: Clinical Features, Grading and Staging, and Laboratory Diagnosis
Clinical Features of Tumours
- Tumours are often asymptomatic until they reach an advanced stage.
- Clinical features of tumours can be diverse and complex, depending on the site and size of the tumour.
- Tumours can be classified into different groups based on their mass effect, hormone production, para-neoplastic syndrome, and tumour cachexia.
- Grading and Staging of Tumours
- Grading of a cancer is based on the degree of differentiation of the tumour tissue, which is a histological assessment by the histopathologist.
- Tumour staging is about the degree of tumour progression and its local anatomic extension, involvement of regional lymph nodes, and the presence or absence of distant metastasis.
- The most common widely used system for tumour staging is the TNM system, which stands for primary tumour, degree of regional lymph node involvement, and distant metastases.
- Staging of neoplastic disease is very important in the selection of the best form of therapy for the patient.
- Staging has proved to be of greater clinical value than grading.
- Laboratory Diagnosis of Cancer
- The laboratory diagnosis of cancer is usually not difficult, but this depends on a good quality biopsy that is properly preserved.
- Several sampling approaches are available, including excisional or incisional biopsy, needle aspiration cytology, and cytologic smears.
- Other techniques used for laboratory diagnosis include immunohistochemistry, molecular diagnosis, and tumour markers.
Test your knowledge on the clinical features, grading and staging, and laboratory diagnosis of tumours with this quiz. Learn about the different groups of tumours based on their mass effect, hormone production, para-neoplastic syndrome, and tumour cachexia. Understand the importance of grading and staging in selecting the best form of therapy for the patient and the commonly used TNM system for tumour staging. Additionally, explore the different techniques used for laboratory diagnosis, including immunohistochemistry, molecular diagnosis
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