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Questions and Answers
According to some research groups, what is the potential reduction in autism rates due to the new DSM-5 definition?
According to some research groups, what is the potential reduction in autism rates due to the new DSM-5 definition?
- Rates are expected to increase, requiring additional support services
- Approximately 50%, potentially causing significant loss of financial and educational resources (correct)
- Approximately 25%, leading to slight adjustments in resource allocation
- Approximately 10%, as estimated by the DSM-5 work group
What is a potential consequence of the DSM-5's new definition of Autism?
What is a potential consequence of the DSM-5's new definition of Autism?
- Potential loss of financial and educational resources for individuals who no longer meet the criteria (correct)
- Increased access to early intervention services due to broadened diagnostic criteria
- Improved diagnostic clarity, leading to more effective treatment strategies
- Enhanced accuracy in identifying high-functioning individuals with subtle autistic traits
What is a limitation regarding the diagnosis of major depression within the DSM-5 framework?
What is a limitation regarding the diagnosis of major depression within the DSM-5 framework?
- The strict criteria prevent individuals with brief depressive symptoms from meeting diagnostic threshold (correct)
- The requirement for pervasive anhedonia as a primary symptom
- The exclusion of bereavement as a factor in diagnosis
- The over-reliance on self-reported symptoms without considering collateral information
How might the DSM-5 potentially contribute to the inflation of PTSD diagnoses, particularly in legal contexts?
How might the DSM-5 potentially contribute to the inflation of PTSD diagnoses, particularly in legal contexts?
Which statement best reflects a critical perspective on the broad impact of the DSM era on mental health?
Which statement best reflects a critical perspective on the broad impact of the DSM era on mental health?
In the context of DSM-5 TR, what does 'absent insight' typically indicate?
In the context of DSM-5 TR, what does 'absent insight' typically indicate?
What is the minimum age a patient must be to be diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder, according to the DSM-5 TR?
What is the minimum age a patient must be to be diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder, according to the DSM-5 TR?
The DSM-5 TR emphasizes cultural sensitivity. What might a clinician need to consider when diagnosing depression in a patient from a culture where the concept of 'depression' is not explicitly defined?
The DSM-5 TR emphasizes cultural sensitivity. What might a clinician need to consider when diagnosing depression in a patient from a culture where the concept of 'depression' is not explicitly defined?
According to the DSM-5 TR, how long must symptoms be present for a diagnosis of major depression?
According to the DSM-5 TR, how long must symptoms be present for a diagnosis of major depression?
Under what circumstance can a PTSD diagnosis be made, according to DSM-5 TR?
Under what circumstance can a PTSD diagnosis be made, according to DSM-5 TR?
In DSM-5 TR, which specifier indicates that a patient's full diagnostic criteria are not currently met, distinguishing it from a similar, longer-term condition?
In DSM-5 TR, which specifier indicates that a patient's full diagnostic criteria are not currently met, distinguishing it from a similar, longer-term condition?
What does the ICD-10 code F31.73 indicate, according to the examples of coding specifiers?
What does the ICD-10 code F31.73 indicate, according to the examples of coding specifiers?
Allen Frances, a key figure in the DSM-IV-TR edition, expressed significant concern about the DSM-5. Considering his statement, which of the following reflects the most likely basis for his reservations?
Allen Frances, a key figure in the DSM-IV-TR edition, expressed significant concern about the DSM-5. Considering his statement, which of the following reflects the most likely basis for his reservations?
A patient is described as 'ego-dystonic.' Which of the following is most likely to be true regarding their attitude toward their mental health symptoms?
A patient is described as 'ego-dystonic.' Which of the following is most likely to be true regarding their attitude toward their mental health symptoms?
Which of the following best describes the primary difference between 'syntonic' and 'dystonic' in the context of a mental health diagnosis?
Which of the following best describes the primary difference between 'syntonic' and 'dystonic' in the context of a mental health diagnosis?
A patient lacks insight into their condition and is resistant to therapy. According to the concepts of syntonicity and dystonicity, how would this patient most likely be described?
A patient lacks insight into their condition and is resistant to therapy. According to the concepts of syntonicity and dystonicity, how would this patient most likely be described?
A therapist is evaluating a new patient. Which factor should be considered when diagnosing a patient with the DSM 5 TR?
A therapist is evaluating a new patient. Which factor should be considered when diagnosing a patient with the DSM 5 TR?
A patient with a personality disorder does not see their manipulative behavior as problematic but rather as a useful tool to get their needs met. How would this presentation be classified?
A patient with a personality disorder does not see their manipulative behavior as problematic but rather as a useful tool to get their needs met. How would this presentation be classified?
A clinician is assessing a patient who reports significant distress and impairment due to their obsessive-compulsive behaviors and expresses a strong desire to change these behaviors. How would the clinician likely characterize this patient's insight regarding their condition?
A clinician is assessing a patient who reports significant distress and impairment due to their obsessive-compulsive behaviors and expresses a strong desire to change these behaviors. How would the clinician likely characterize this patient's insight regarding their condition?
A man is mandated to attend anger management. He is hostile during sessions, denies having a problem, and blames others for his actions. Which of the following best describes his attitude in the context of mental health?
A man is mandated to attend anger management. He is hostile during sessions, denies having a problem, and blames others for his actions. Which of the following best describes his attitude in the context of mental health?
A psychiatrist is evaluating a patient with anorexia nervosa. Despite being severely underweight, the patient expresses a strong fear of gaining weight and does not perceive themselves as ill. How would the clinician best categorize this patient's perspective on their condition?
A psychiatrist is evaluating a patient with anorexia nervosa. Despite being severely underweight, the patient expresses a strong fear of gaining weight and does not perceive themselves as ill. How would the clinician best categorize this patient's perspective on their condition?
A patient describes their obsessive need for order as 'just how I am' and denies it causes any distress or problems in their life. This perspective is best described as:
A patient describes their obsessive need for order as 'just how I am' and denies it causes any distress or problems in their life. This perspective is best described as:
Which of the following best exemplifies 'good insight' in the context of mental health?
Which of the following best exemplifies 'good insight' in the context of mental health?
According to the DSM-5 definition of a mental disorder, which element is essential for a condition to be considered a mental disorder?
According to the DSM-5 definition of a mental disorder, which element is essential for a condition to be considered a mental disorder?
A clinician is conducting a Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI). What is the primary goal of this process?
A clinician is conducting a Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI). What is the primary goal of this process?
Which of the following DSM-5 severity specifiers indicates that a patient previously met full criteria for a mental disorder but no longer does?
Which of the following DSM-5 severity specifiers indicates that a patient previously met full criteria for a mental disorder but no longer does?
A patient presents with symptoms that suggest a mood disorder, but there is insufficient information to specify a particular diagnosis within bipolar or depressive disorders. According to DSM-5 coding specifiers, which of the following codes would be MOST appropriate?
A patient presents with symptoms that suggest a mood disorder, but there is insufficient information to specify a particular diagnosis within bipolar or depressive disorders. According to DSM-5 coding specifiers, which of the following codes would be MOST appropriate?
A clinician notes 'absent insight' in a patient with a potential personality disorder. Considering the concept of syntonicity and dystonicity, 'absent insight' in this context most strongly suggests:
A clinician notes 'absent insight' in a patient with a potential personality disorder. Considering the concept of syntonicity and dystonicity, 'absent insight' in this context most strongly suggests:
A patient is diagnosed with a mental disorder after exhibiting clinically significant distress and impairment in social and occupational functioning. Which aspect of the DSM-5 definition of mental disorder does 'impairment in social and occupational functioning' directly address?
A patient is diagnosed with a mental disorder after exhibiting clinically significant distress and impairment in social and occupational functioning. Which aspect of the DSM-5 definition of mental disorder does 'impairment in social and occupational functioning' directly address?
A patient readily admits to experiencing severe anxiety that interferes with their daily life and relationships, and they are actively seeking therapy to manage these symptoms. Which of the following terms best describes this patient's perspective on their condition?
A patient readily admits to experiencing severe anxiety that interferes with their daily life and relationships, and they are actively seeking therapy to manage these symptoms. Which of the following terms best describes this patient's perspective on their condition?
Considering the DSM-5's emphasis on 'Severity Index Across Time & Circumstances', which of the following clinical scenarios would MOST necessitate careful consideration of 'circumstances' when determining if criteria for a mental disorder are met?
Considering the DSM-5's emphasis on 'Severity Index Across Time & Circumstances', which of the following clinical scenarios would MOST necessitate careful consideration of 'circumstances' when determining if criteria for a mental disorder are met?
Which of the following best encapsulates the DSM-5 definition of a mental disorder?
Which of the following best encapsulates the DSM-5 definition of a mental disorder?
According to the provided information, approximately what proportion of US adults experience mental illness?
According to the provided information, approximately what proportion of US adults experience mental illness?
The onset of the majority of mental illnesses occurs by which age, according to the information provided?
The onset of the majority of mental illnesses occurs by which age, according to the information provided?
Compared to heterosexual individuals, LGBTQ individuals are statistically:
Compared to heterosexual individuals, LGBTQ individuals are statistically:
Which of the following demographic groups is noted to have the highest prevalence of mental illness according to the provided text?
Which of the following demographic groups is noted to have the highest prevalence of mental illness according to the provided text?
What is identified as the leading cause of psychiatric disability worldwide?
What is identified as the leading cause of psychiatric disability worldwide?
A potential problem with the DSM-5 is its tendency to pathologize normal behavior. Which of the following DSM-5 categories best exemplifies this concern?
A potential problem with the DSM-5 is its tendency to pathologize normal behavior. Which of the following DSM-5 categories best exemplifies this concern?
Considering the critique that DSM-5 may pathologize normal grief, which condition in the DSM-5 is most likely to be debated in the context of normal bereavement?
Considering the critique that DSM-5 may pathologize normal grief, which condition in the DSM-5 is most likely to be debated in the context of normal bereavement?
A patient consistently rationalizes their manipulative behavior as necessary for success, displays anger when challenged, and sees no need for change. How would a mental health professional most likely characterize this perspective in DSM-5?
A patient consistently rationalizes their manipulative behavior as necessary for success, displays anger when challenged, and sees no need for change. How would a mental health professional most likely characterize this perspective in DSM-5?
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a potential problem with DSM-5's diagnostic criteria, as highlighted in the provided text?
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a potential problem with DSM-5's diagnostic criteria, as highlighted in the provided text?
A clinician notes that a patient presents with behaviors that cause significant distress and impairment. This patient actively seeks help and expresses a strong desire to change. According to the DSM-5, how would the clinician likely classify this patient's perspective on their condition?
A clinician notes that a patient presents with behaviors that cause significant distress and impairment. This patient actively seeks help and expresses a strong desire to change. According to the DSM-5, how would the clinician likely classify this patient's perspective on their condition?
Given the concern that DSM-5 may pathologize 'normal' experiences, which of the following pairs represents the most critical diagnostic differentiation challenge presented by the DSM-5, according to the provided text?
Given the concern that DSM-5 may pathologize 'normal' experiences, which of the following pairs represents the most critical diagnostic differentiation challenge presented by the DSM-5, according to the provided text?
According to the DSM-5, what is a key characteristic of an ego-syntonic condition?
According to the DSM-5, what is a key characteristic of an ego-syntonic condition?
What is a potential negative impact of the new autism definition in the DSM-5?
What is a potential negative impact of the new autism definition in the DSM-5?
What is a key challenge associated with diagnosing mental disorders according to the DSM-5?
What is a key challenge associated with diagnosing mental disorders according to the DSM-5?
What concern related to over-diagnosis has been raised regarding the DSM-5?
What concern related to over-diagnosis has been raised regarding the DSM-5?
In the context of 'syntonic' versus 'dystonic' conditions, which statement best characterizes a patient's attitude when they are described as 'ego-syntonic'?
In the context of 'syntonic' versus 'dystonic' conditions, which statement best characterizes a patient's attitude when they are described as 'ego-syntonic'?
According to the DSM-5, which of the following is characteristic of a patient experiencing an ego-dystonic state?
According to the DSM-5, which of the following is characteristic of a patient experiencing an ego-dystonic state?
Considering the broader impact of the DSM era on mental health outcomes, which of the following statements is most accurate?
Considering the broader impact of the DSM era on mental health outcomes, which of the following statements is most accurate?
A patient presents with a long history of substance abuse but occasionally uses drugs responsibly without significant consequences. How might the DSM-5's approach to substance use disorders be criticized in this case?
A patient presents with a long history of substance abuse but occasionally uses drugs responsibly without significant consequences. How might the DSM-5's approach to substance use disorders be criticized in this case?
A 28-year-old patient presents to a primary care physician reporting symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood that began shortly after starting a new medication for hypertension. According to DSM-5 criteria, which of the following is the most appropriate initial consideration?
A 28-year-old patient presents to a primary care physician reporting symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood that began shortly after starting a new medication for hypertension. According to DSM-5 criteria, which of the following is the most appropriate initial consideration?
A clinician is evaluating a 10-year-old child who consistently defies authority, argues with adults, and is easily angered. The child shows no remorse for their actions and blames others for their mistakes. Considering the child's age, which of the following attitudes toward treatment would most likely be expected based on the concepts of syntonicity and dystonicity?
A clinician is evaluating a 10-year-old child who consistently defies authority, argues with adults, and is easily angered. The child shows no remorse for their actions and blames others for their mistakes. Considering the child's age, which of the following attitudes toward treatment would most likely be expected based on the concepts of syntonicity and dystonicity?
A survey reveals that a significant portion of the LGBTQIA+ community experiences mental health conditions. Which of the following statements accurately reflects this reality based on the provided information?
A survey reveals that a significant portion of the LGBTQIA+ community experiences mental health conditions. Which of the following statements accurately reflects this reality based on the provided information?
A mental health professional is preparing to diagnose a new patient using the DSM-5. Which of the following should be given LEAST priority when making an accurate diagnosis?
A mental health professional is preparing to diagnose a new patient using the DSM-5. Which of the following should be given LEAST priority when making an accurate diagnosis?
Which of the following best describes the role of primary care physicians (PCPs) in addressing mental health disorders based on the information provided?
Which of the following best describes the role of primary care physicians (PCPs) in addressing mental health disorders based on the information provided?
A 35-year-old patient with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) acknowledges that their compulsive rituals are excessive and time-consuming, causing significant disruption in their daily life. However, they also express a strong belief that these rituals are necessary to prevent potential harm to themselves and others. How would a clinician likely characterize this patient's insight regarding their condition?
A 35-year-old patient with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) acknowledges that their compulsive rituals are excessive and time-consuming, causing significant disruption in their daily life. However, they also express a strong belief that these rituals are necessary to prevent potential harm to themselves and others. How would a clinician likely characterize this patient's insight regarding their condition?
A study is being conducted to assess the prevalence of mental health conditions among different populations. Based on the provided statistics, which of the following groups would be expected to have the highest proportion of individuals experiencing a mental illness?
A study is being conducted to assess the prevalence of mental health conditions among different populations. Based on the provided statistics, which of the following groups would be expected to have the highest proportion of individuals experiencing a mental illness?
A patient consistently expresses anger and resentment towards the therapist, resists any suggestions for change, and rationalizes their maladaptive behaviors as necessary for survival. According to the concepts of syntonicity and dystonicity, how would this patient most likely be described?
A patient consistently expresses anger and resentment towards the therapist, resists any suggestions for change, and rationalizes their maladaptive behaviors as necessary for survival. According to the concepts of syntonicity and dystonicity, how would this patient most likely be described?
A 17-year-old transgender youth is brought in by their parents expressing concern about the youth's mental health. According to the information provided, which of the following statements reflects a critical consideration for their treatment planning?
A 17-year-old transgender youth is brought in by their parents expressing concern about the youth's mental health. According to the information provided, which of the following statements reflects a critical consideration for their treatment planning?
What key element must be present for a behavior that deviates from social norms to be classified as a mental disorder based on the information provided?
What key element must be present for a behavior that deviates from social norms to be classified as a mental disorder based on the information provided?
Flashcards
Poor Insight
Poor Insight
Lack of awareness of having a mental disorder.
Absent Insight
Absent Insight
Lack of awareness, condition feels normal/acceptable.
Age-Related Diagnoses
Age-Related Diagnoses
Some diagnoses require a minimum age for diagnosis.
Gender-Specific Disorders
Gender-Specific Disorders
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Cultural Sensitivity
Cultural Sensitivity
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Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI)
Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI)
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Time (Severity Index)
Time (Severity Index)
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Circumstances (Severity Index)
Circumstances (Severity Index)
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DSM-5 Autism Definition Impact
DSM-5 Autism Definition Impact
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Depression Diagnosis Duration
Depression Diagnosis Duration
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DSM-5 PTSD & Legal Issues
DSM-5 PTSD & Legal Issues
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DSM & Morbidity Reduction
DSM & Morbidity Reduction
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Mental Wellness Factors
Mental Wellness Factors
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Ego Dystonic
Ego Dystonic
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Ego Syntonic
Ego Syntonic
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Syntonic vs. Dystonic (Attitude)
Syntonic vs. Dystonic (Attitude)
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Dystonic Characteristics
Dystonic Characteristics
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Syntonic Characteristics
Syntonic Characteristics
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Insight (Mental Health)
Insight (Mental Health)
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DSM 5 TR Subtypes/Specifiers
DSM 5 TR Subtypes/Specifiers
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Dystonic & Insight
Dystonic & Insight
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Syntonic Resistance
Syntonic Resistance
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Cultural Formulation Interview
Cultural Formulation Interview
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Degree of Insight
Degree of Insight
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Circumstantial Severity
Circumstantial Severity
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Temporal Severity
Temporal Severity
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Dystonic Motivation
Dystonic Motivation
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Diagnostic Consequence
Diagnostic Consequence
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Mental Disorder
Mental Disorder
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Cultural Formulation Review (CFI)
Cultural Formulation Review (CFI)
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Time & Circumstances
Time & Circumstances
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Treatment Motivation
Treatment Motivation
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Severity Ranges
Severity Ranges
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Coding Specifier F31.9
Coding Specifier F31.9
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Impact of Mental Disorder
Impact of Mental Disorder
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Developmental Symptom Manifestation
Developmental Symptom Manifestation
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Correlated Disorders
Correlated Disorders
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DSM-5 Purpose
DSM-5 Purpose
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NOT a Mental Disorder
NOT a Mental Disorder
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Mental Illness
Mental Illness
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Syntonic Patient Traits
Syntonic Patient Traits
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Dystonic Patient Traits
Dystonic Patient Traits
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Mental Illness Prevalence
Mental Illness Prevalence
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Primary Mental Healthcare
Primary Mental Healthcare
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DSM-5 Exclusion Criteria
DSM-5 Exclusion Criteria
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Mental Disorder (DSM-5)
Mental Disorder (DSM-5)
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Depression's Global Impact
Depression's Global Impact
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Onset Age of Mental Illness
Onset Age of Mental Illness
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Mental Illness Prevalence (US)
Mental Illness Prevalence (US)
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Age of Onset (1/2 of cases)
Age of Onset (1/2 of cases)
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Anxiety Disorder Prevalence
Anxiety Disorder Prevalence
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LGBTQ+ & Mental Illness
LGBTQ+ & Mental Illness
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LGBTQ Mental Health Risk
LGBTQ Mental Health Risk
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Pathologizing Normal Behavior
Pathologizing Normal Behavior
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Highest Prevalence
Highest Prevalence
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Study Notes
Behavioral Health Exam 1 Study Guide: Introduction
- Mental disorders is defined by DSM 5 as clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning.
- Mental disorders cause significant distress or disability in social, occupation, or other important activities
Psychiatric Disability: Depression
- Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, and is a major contributor to the global burden of disease.
Prevalence of Mental Illness: Age of Onset
- The majority of mental illness begins by age 24.
- 1 in 5 US adults experience mental illness.
- 1/2 of chronic mental illness begins by age 14, 1/4 by age 24.
- 19% of common mental illnesses are anxiety disorders.
- 32% of adults who report mental illness are mixed/multiracial adults
Mental Illness: LGBTQ Community Populations
- LGBTQ individuals are 2 or more times more likely as straight individuals to have a mental health condition.
- LGBTQ youth are 2 - 3 times more likely to attempt suicide than heterosexual youth
- 11% of transgender individuals reported being denied care by mental health clinics
- 44% of lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults report mental illness.
- Lesbian, Gay, and bisexual groups have the highest prevalence of mental illness.
- 42% of LGBTQ youth seriously considered attempting suicide, including >50% of transgender and nonbinary youth
Potential Problems with Using DSM 5
- Pathologizing normal, expected behavior: Includes disruptive mood disorder (temper tantrum vs. mental disorder) and normal grief vs. major depressive disorder.
- Includes minor neurocognitive disorder vs. mild cognitive impairment, binge eating vs. enjoying food, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) vs. worries of everyday life.
- There may be encouragement of medication use with pressure from pharmaceutical companies.
- Includes the misuse of stimulants in ADD
- Under-diagnosing can occur or new definitions of autism can lead to funding loss due to less people being diagnosed.
- Over-diagnosing is also a concern, given the possible inflation of PTSD in court
DSM Era Impact on Morbidity
- The DSM era has not decreased large-scale reduction in the morbidity associated with major mental disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, colon cancer, and chronic respiratory disease.
DSM 5: Specifiers
- Chronic substance abusers lumped with one time drug user.
- Behavioral addiction diagnoses are overused
DSM 5 Specifiers: Syntonic vs. Dystonic
- Syntonic involves heavily defensive, rationalized behaviors and no motivation to change, being angry about being told what to do, resigning their fate, seeing benefits in current behaviors, lacking insight into the condition, being typical for children, and being resistant to therapy/treatment and often has to be motivated to do so, as they don't think there is a problem.
- Dystonic involves experiencing significant distress, disability, or impairment in functioning, having no capacity to cope with the condition at the current time, and being motivated for treatment/therapy to improve the situation and condition, as they know there is a problem.
- Good or fair insight is associated with dystonic, poor insight with ambivalence, and absent insight with syntonic.
- A mental health patient who is ego dystonic is more likely to be motivated for treatment/therapy.
Correlated Disorders and Suicide Risk
- Each diagnosis will comment of correlation among disorders.
Respect for Age, Gender, and Culture
- Each diagnosis will incorporate developmental symptom manifestation, gender specific disorders, and cultural sensitivity concerning behaviors.
- Includes Cultural Formulation Review (CFI) as a way to interact with people culturally, exploring the patient's way of being in the world like religion, culture, or preferences.
Severity Index Across Time & Circumstances
- Time and circumstances are essential specifiers that will assure that an individual does qualify for a mental disorder from the definition, where severity ranges are mild, moderate, severe, in partial remission, in full remission, and prior history.
Additional Specifiers
- Coding Specifiers: F31.9 = Unspecified
Behavioral Health Intro: Mental Disorders
- Mental disorders are clinically significant disturbances in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects dysfunction in psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning, associated with significant distress or disability in social, occupational or other activities.
DSM 5 Diagnoses: Caveats
- Diagnoses not caused by a drug unless it's substance use disorder and not caused by medical condition or better explained by another condition.
- All psych disorders are caused by combination of genetic, physical, environmental & psychosocial influences.
Mental Illness Overview
- Mental illness is an imbalance, a lack of peace/well being, and it mostly has an unknown cause.
What Doesn't Qualify as Mental Disorder
- A culturally approved/expected response to a stressor.
- Socially deviant behavior & conflicts primarily between individual & society unless deviance results from dysfunction.
Behavioral Health Care: Primary Care Role
- Half of care received for common psych disorders is provided by PCPs Internal/Emergency medicine or general practice.
Populations and Mental Illnesses
- Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide.
- The majority of chronic illnesses begins @ 24 y/o.
- 1 in 5 adults experience mental illness.
- Anxiety is the most prevalent mental illness in the US (19%).
- LGBTQIA are 2x more likely to have a mental condition.
- 32% multiracial adults & 44% LGBTQIA adults have a mental illness.
- 50% or less people don't get treated for their mental illness.
- 42% LGBTQ youth considered attempting including >50% of transgender & nonbinary youth.
DSM 5 Utility
- DSM 5 provides a common language understood by healthcare providers, assists in clinical documentation, provides information to 3rd party payers, and provides relief vs burden of diagnosis.
Ego-Dystonic: Distress/Motivation
- Patients experience significant distress/disability/impaired function, have little to no capacity to cope with condition, are motivated for tx/therapy to improve situation, and have good/fair insight, stating 'I need help'.
Syntonic Patients: Defensiveness and Rationalization
- Syntonic patients are defensive, showing no motivation to change, rationalizing behavior, are angry about being told what to do, feel resigned to his/her fate, are resistant to therapy, and lack insight into condition.
DSM 5 Subtypes & Specifiers
- Includes syntonic vs dystonic, associated features & Suicide risk and to respect for age, gender, culture.
- DSM 5 specifiers takes into consideration age where some diagnoses can't be done <18 and gender where some disorders are specific to gender (ie- PMDD)
- DSM 5 subtypes takes into consideration cultural sensitivity regarding behavior & diagnoses and severity index across time & circumstance.
DSM 5 Problems
- The DSM 5 may pathologizes normal, expected behavior, where an individual facing a temper tantrum could be diagnosed with a Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder or normal Grief is diagnosed as Major Depressive Disorder or Prolonged Grief Rxn.
- Pathologizing normal behavior can pathologize enjoying food that's easily available, Everyday forgetting from old age.
- It encourages medication use from pressure of pharmaceutical companies with an ADHD diagnosis can leading to Widespread misuse of a stimulant. and under diagnosing.
- Under Diagnosing new Definition of Autism results in 10% lowered rates (maybe 50) with loss of financial & educational resources and under diagnosing.
- It can lead to not decreased large scale reductions in morbidity assoc w/ major mental disorders (liver dz or CVD).
- It is important to consider time where major depression must have 2 weeks of sx and circumstance where PTSD can be diagnosed if a person is TOLD about violent death of friend/family.
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