Tubular Secretion and Kidney Function Quiz

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Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?

Maintaining acid-base balance

Digesting nutrients (correct)

Regulating fluid balance

Producing urine

What is the main role of the kidneys?

Filtering waste products from the bloodstream (correct)

Regulating blood pressure

Producing urine

Maintaining fluid balance

Which structure connects the kidneys to the bladder?

Bladder

Urethra

Renal pelvis

Ureters (correct)

Where are the kidneys located in the body?

On either side of the spine, below the ribcage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the urinary system?

The ureters transport urine from the bladder to the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the renal cortex in the kidney?

Filtration and reabsorption of substances from the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the glomerulus in the renal corpuscle?

Filtering waste products from the blood Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nephron creates a concentration gradient in the medulla?

Loop of Henle Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the distal convoluted tubules detect changes in sodium chloride levels and send signals to constrict or dilate afferent arterioles accordingly?

Macula densa cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones constricts both afferent and efferent arterioles, reducing GFR as part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system's role in regulating blood pressure?

Angiotensin II Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of granular cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Secrete renin Signup and view all the answers

Where is water primarily reabsorbed in the nephron?

Descending limb of the loop of Henle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary force that promotes glomerular filtration?

Hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of juxtamedullary nephrons?

Creating concentrated urine through countercurrent multiplication mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of urine?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

90-100 mL/min/1.73m² Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is NOT secreted through tubular secretion in the kidneys?

Sodium ions (Na+) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the counter current mechanism in the kidneys?

To concentrate urine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the medullary osmotic gradient?

It is created by the interaction between the ascending and descending limbs of the loop of Henle Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that determines whether urine is dilute or concentrated?

The presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the primary function of the kidneys?

The primary function of the kidneys is to filter waste products and excess fluid from the blood to form urine. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the structure of the ureters?

All of the above are true about the structure of the ureters. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the urinary bladder?

The urinary bladder stores urine produced by the kidneys until it can be voluntarily expelled from the body through urination. Signup and view all the answers

How does the structure of the male urethra differ from the female urethra?

The male urethra has three distinct parts: prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, and spongy (penile) urethra. Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys?

Aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of PTH (parathyroid hormone) in the body?

Regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)?

Increased volume or pressure in the atria Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a diuretic?

A medication or substance that promotes diuresis Signup and view all the answers

What is renal clearance?

Measurement of how effectively the kidneys can remove a substance from the blood and excrete it in urine Signup and view all the answers

How does renal clearance relate to GFR and overall kidney function?

Renal clearance reflects the overall ability of the kidneys to filter and excrete substances Signup and view all the answers