تطبيقات الويب: الأساسيات والمفاهيم

Lecture Information

• Lecture 01: WEB App تطبيقات الويب
• Presenter: Dr. Mohamed Elbeshti
• Contact: 0912205899 whatsUp

Fundamental of Web Apps

• Introduction to web app programming and communication with servers and users.
• Identifying the languages specific to Web Apps.
• Understanding the structural design.
• Exploring the operational mechanisms.

Web App Definitions

• Web application: An interactive application accessible from a web browser using web development technologies.
• Difference between web application and website: Web applications are designed to be interactive, while websites primarily deliver information.

Key Considerations

• Is Facebook a web application?
• What differentiates mobile and web applications?
• What is the difference between desktop and web applications?
• What are Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and Web 3.0?
• AI, blockchain, IoT, and semantic web standards—what are they?

Common Web Application Functions

• Shopping (e.g., Amazon)
• Social networking (e.g., Facebook)
• Banking (e.g., Citibank)
• Web search (e.g., Google)
• Auctions (e.g., eBay)
• Gambling (e.g., Betfair)
• Web logs (e.g., Blogger)
• Web mail (e.g., Gmail)
• Interactive information (e.g., Wikipedia)
• Other functionalities (e.g., question)

Progressive Web Apps (PWAs)

• A specific type of modern web application.
• Combines desirable features of native and hybrid applications.
• A web application that appears and behaves like a mobile application.
• Developed using web technologies.

Web Application Advantages and Disadvantages

• Simplifies development process.
• Enables interaction without significant time and resource investments for application development.
• Can be used for education or business purposes.
• Potential disadvantages (e.g., question).

Building Web Apps

• Multiple programming languages are used to build web applications.
• Example languages for web page programming include:
  • FrontPage
  • Dreamviewer
  • HTML Editor
  • PHP Editor
  • WordPress
  • Google Sites
  • Site 123
  • Jimdo
• List of top 10 web application builder of 2022 (question)

Programming Languages for Web Development (2023)

• Java, PHP, Perl, Python, Ruby
• ASP, CGI, Java Script,
• Java Applet, JSP
• XML, DHTML, HTML1-5, CSS

Web Application Frameworks and Technologies

• Overview of frameworks and related technologies for web applications.

Client-Side and Server-Side Programming

• Client-side programming elements in web applications
• Description of Server-side programming elements

Web Application Types

• Client-Side Web Apps
• Server-Side Web Apps
• Single-Page Apps

Client-Side and Server-Side Technologies

• Client-side: HTML, XML, CSS, JavaScript, VBScript, Java Applets, ActiveX controls, Plug-ins, and Helper applications.
• Server-side: CGI/Perl, PHP, ColdFusion, Server-side JavaScript, ASP, JSP, Java Servlets, ISAPI/NSAPI programs, Python, PHP, Ruby, Java, Django, Laravel, Ruby on Rails, Spring

One-Page Design

• Single HTML page web design with linked sections.
• Navigational elements anchor different sections.
• Smooth scrolling and immersive elements.

HTTP Protocol

• Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP).
• used for information transfer on local networks and the global web.

URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

• Describes web page addresses (e.g. http://domain-name/path-name).
• domain-name: the website's address.
• path-name: the file name to access.

HTTP(s)

• Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP).
• Protocol used for accessing data on the World Wide Web.
• Uses a single TCP connection on port 80.

History of Markup

• GML (Generalized Markup Language) 1970s
• SGML (Standard GML) 1980s
• HTML
• XML

Adding Style

• Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).

CSS Versions

• CSS 1
• CSS 2
• CSS 3 (including modules such as Borders, Backgrounds, Color (including HSL, HSLA, opacity, RGBA), media queries, multi-column layout, and web fonts

Resources

• List of helpful website resources for web application development and related topics.

HTML Development

• Techniques for HTML development.

XHTML

• Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML).
• HTML 4.01 and XML.
• Structure and coding rules are enhanced in XHTML.

DHTML

• Dynamic HTML (DHTML).
• Combination of HTML, stylesheets, and scripts for creating interactive web pages.
• Three key components (centering, style modifications, event handling).

VRML

• Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML).
• 3D modeling and animation language for the internet.

CGI/Perl

• Common Gateway Interface (CGI) — a standard method for web browsers to interact with server-side programs.

Scripts

• Description of scripts in web application development.

JavaScript

• Features of JavaScript, including controlling visual elements of documents and interaction with users.

VBScript

• Visual Basic Scripting (VBScript) — a scripting language.

Creating Web Pages

• Techniques for creating websites, using technologies like Active Server Pages (ASP).

ASP

• Active Server Pages (ASP).
• A prevalent web application development technology.
• Used to embed coding within standard webpages (VBScript or JScript).

JSP

• JavaServer Pages (JSP).
• Developed in later 1999. A web application development technology.

JSP and ASP Comparison

• Summary of functionalities and features of JSP and ASP technologies.

Web Application Security

• Methods for securing web application.

HTTPS Protocol

• Secure version of HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol).

Web Application Architecture

• Diagram of the architecture of a web application system.

تتناول هذه الاختبارات المفاهيم الأساسية لتطبيقات الويب، بما في ذلك البرمجة والاتصال بين المستخدمين والخوادم. كما يتم استكشاف الفروق بين تطبيقات الويب والمواقع، بالإضافة إلى التعرف على التطبيقات الشائعة وخصائصها.