TSM Quiz 2: Wave Definitions

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Questions and Answers

What is a standing wave?

A natural mode of a continuous system characterized by its frequency of vibration and by its pattern of stationary loops and nodes.

What is a transverse wave?

A wave that causes the medium to vibrate at right angles to the direction in which the wave travels.

What is a longitudinal wave?

A wave in which the particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of wave motion.

What is resonance?

A phenomenon that occurs when two objects naturally vibrate at the same (or similar) frequency. Signup and view all the answers

What is impedance?

A measure of how much force must be applied to a wave-carrying medium to produce a given amount of motion. Signup and view all the answers

What is a mode of vibration?

The specific vibration pattern of a vibrating system associated with each resonance frequency of the system. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristics of a string affect the pitch of the string?

Length, diameter, tension, and density of physical materials. Signup and view all the answers

What is the syntonic comma?

The error that occurs when you tune perfect fifths (beatless) through a complete upward cycle. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Chroma circle represent?

It represents the perception of pitch height. Signup and view all the answers

What is Just Tuning?

A tuning system based on simple ratios and pitch classes of naturally-occurring harmonics. Signup and view all the answers

What is equal temperament tuning?

A tuning system where the semitones are of equal ratios and there's even dispersion of the tuning error. Signup and view all the answers

What is an open-pipe resonator?

A resonating tube with both ends open that will resonate with a sound source. Signup and view all the answers

What is a closed-pipe resonator?

A cylindrical tube with one end closed and a sound source at the other end. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the length of a pipe on pitch?

There is an indirect relationship; the longer the length of the pipe, the lower the frequency, and vice versa. Signup and view all the answers

What is the bore type and pipe shape for the flute?

Cylinder, open. Signup and view all the answers

What is the bore type and pipe shape for the clarinet?

Cylinder, closed. Signup and view all the answers

What is the bore type and pipe shape for the oboe?

Conical, closed. Signup and view all the answers

How do you produce the higher pitch registers on the flute?

By increasing the air flow (overblowing). Signup and view all the answers

How do you produce the higher pitch registers on the clarinet?

By playing the higher register keys. Signup and view all the answers

How do you produce the higher pitch registers on the oboe?

By closing less holes on the oboe. Signup and view all the answers

What does a flared bell do to improve sound?

Raises the resonant frequency. Signup and view all the answers

How do holes on a woodwind instrument change sound?

They adjust the length of air flow and length of the fundamental frequency. Signup and view all the answers

How does adding a mouthpiece to a brass instrument improve the sound?

By improving the harmonics of the fundamental resonance. Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument's spectrum has only the odd numbered harmonics?

Clarinet. Signup and view all the answers

What is Bernoulli's Principle?

An increase in speed occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What instruments utilize Bernoulli's Principle?

Double reed, single reed, pipe labium, blow hole. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Wave Concepts

Standing Wave: A continuous system with stationary loops and nodes, typically seen in structures like piano strings.
Transverse Wave: Causes medium vibrations perpendicular to the wave motion.
Longitudinal Wave: Medium particles vibrate parallel to the wave direction.

Vibration and Resonance

Resonance: Occurs when two objects vibrate at the same or similar frequencies, enhancing sound.
Mode of Vibration: Unique patterns associated with the resonance frequencies of a vibrating system.

Characteristics Affecting Pitch

Factors influencing string pitch include length, diameter, tension, and density of the material.

Tuning and Pitch Relationships

Syntonic Comma: Tuning error when adjusting Perfect 5ths through an upward cycle.
Chroma Circle: Diagram representing pitch height perception.
Just Tuning: System based on simple ratios derived from natural harmonics.
Equal Temperament Tuning: Divides tuning error equally across semitones, maintaining consistent intervals.

Resonator Types

Open-Pipe Resonator: Tube open at both ends, resonates with sound input.
Closed-Pipe Resonator: Cylindrical tube with one end closed, producing different sound characteristics.

Pipe Length and Pitch

Longer pipe lengths produce lower frequencies, while shorter pipes result in higher frequencies.

Bore Types in Woodwind Instruments

Flute: Cylindrical, open at both ends.
Clarinet: Cylindrical, closed at one end.
Oboe: Conical, closed at one end.

Producing Higher Pitch Registers

Flute: Achieved by increasing airflow (overblowing).
Clarinet: Higher registers produced by playing higher register keys.
Oboe: Higher pitch achieved by closing fewer holes.

Sound Improvement Techniques

Flared Bell: Raises resonant frequency, enhancing sound quality.
Holes on Woodwind Instruments: Adjust air flow length and fundamental frequency.
Brass Instrument Mouthpiece: Improves sound by enhancing harmonics of the fundamental resonance.

Harmonic Spectrum

Clarinet: Notable for having only odd numbered harmonics in its sound spectrum.

Fluid Dynamics in Sound Production

Bernoulli's Principle: States that an increase in fluid speed leads to a decrease in pressure, a principle utilized in sound production.

Instruments Using Bernoulli's Principle

Include double reeds, single reeds, pipe labiums, and blow holes.

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Description

Test your understanding of wave phenomena with this set of flashcards. This quiz covers key concepts including standing waves, transverse waves, and longitudinal waves. Perfect for students aiming to solidify their knowledge of wave mechanics.