TSI Agar: Differentiating Microorganisms

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Questions and Answers

Following the TSI agar test, an organism is determined to be K/A H2S+. Which subsequent test would best differentiate between Proteus mirabilis and Salmonella spp.?

  • Lysine decarboxylation (correct)
  • Indole production
  • Urease production
  • Citrate utilization

A TSI agar slant shows a K/A H2S- reaction. Which of the following sets of tests would best differentiate Providencia rettgeri from Citrobacter spp.?

  • Urease and Lysine Decarboxylase
  • Indole and Voges-Proskauer
  • Phenylalanine deaminase (PAD) and Citrate (correct)
  • Citrate and Motility

After observing a K/K (no change) reaction on TSI agar, what is the MOST appropriate next step in identifying the non-lactose fermenting organism?

  • Inoculate a MacConkey agar plate.
  • Perform oxidase and catalase tests.
  • Refer to an identification scheme for non-lactose fermenters. (correct)
  • Conduct a Gram stain to confirm morphology.

An organism produces an A/A H2S+ reaction on TSI agar. Which of the following additional tests would allow differentiation between Proteus vulgaris and Salmonella arizonae?

<p>Indole production. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An isolate gives the following reactions: TSI: K/A H2S-, PAD: negative, Motility (37°C): positive, Citrate: negative . Based on the flow chart, which organism is MOST likely?

<p><em>Escherichia coli</em> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of tests would allow for the differentiation between Salmonella spp. and Edwardsiella tarda after both have been identified as K/A H2S+ on TSI agar and are PAD negative?

<p>Indole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An organism is identified as K/A H2S- on TSI agar. If this organism is also PAD positive, which of the following organisms could it be?

<p><em>Providencia stuartii</em> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An organism is identified as A/A H2S- on TSI agar. Which test is MOST important in differentiating Escherichia coli from Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., and Serratia spp.?

<p>IMViC (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following an A/A H2S- result for an organism, IMViC testing yields ++-- results. Based on the flow chart, what is the MOST likely identity of the organism?

<p><em>Escherichia coli</em> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A TSI agar test results in a K/A H2S+ reaction, and the follow-up PAD test is positive. Which organism can be identified with these results?

<p><em>Proteus mirabilis</em> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An organism is determined to be A/A H2S+ on TSI agar and PAD negative. Which of the following organisms could it be?

<p><em>Salmonella arizonae</em> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An organism is K/A H2S- on TSI agar and PAD negative. What follow-up test would BEST differentiate Shigella spp. from Yersinia pestis?

<p>Motility at 37°C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following a K/A H2S- TSI result, an organism is PAD negative, motile at 37°C and Citrate positive. What organism is MOST likely present?

<p><em>Citrobacter</em> spp. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When an organism displays a K/A H2S+ reaction on TSI agar, which of the following tests should be performed BEFORE lysine decarboxylation to narrow down the possible organisms?

<p>PAD (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tests is MOST useful for differentiating Klebsiella spp. from Enterobacter spp. and Serratia spp. after all three have been shown to be A/A H2S- and IMViC --+?

<p>Motility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given a TSI result of K/K (no change), which of the following is the MOST appropriate next step in organism identification?

<p>Inoculate selective and differential media for non-lactose fermenters. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An organism produces the following results: TSI: A/A H2S-, IMViC: --+-, Motility: positive, Gas: negative. What organism is MOST likely present?

<p><em>Enterobacter aerogenes</em> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After obtaining a K/A H2S- result on TSI agar, what is the significance of a positive PAD reaction in narrowing down potential organisms?

<p>It helps differentiate among <em>Providencia</em>, <em>Morganella</em>, and <em>Citrobacter</em> species. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An organism is A/A H2S+ on TSI, PAD negative, and lysine decarboxylase positive. What two organisms could this be?

<p><em>Salmonella arizonae</em> or <em>Citrobacter freundii</em> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After determining an organism produces an A/A H2S- reaction on TSI agar, why is it important to perform the IMViC series of tests?

<p>To differentiate <em>Escherichia coli</em> from <em>Klebsiella</em>, <em>Enterobacter</em>, and <em>Serratia</em> species. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following a K/A H2S- TSI result, an organism is found to be PAD negative and motile at 37°C. A subsequent Citrate test is performed. What information does the Citrate test provide?

<p>It differentiates between <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Citrobacter</em>, and <em>Serratia</em> species. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An organism is a K/A H2S+ on TSI, PAD positive and Indole negative. What organism is MOST likely present?

<p><em>Salmonella typhimurium</em> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is DNase production used in the identification of organisms that are A/A H2S-, IMViC --+-, motile, and gas negative?

<p>It differentiates between <em>Enterobacter</em> species and <em>Serratia</em> species. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Lysine Decarboxylation test in identifying an organism that gives K/A H2S+ results on TSI agar and is PAD negative?

<p>It differentiates <em>Salmonella</em> and <em>Edwardsiella</em>. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to check for motility at 37°C when identifying an organism that is K/A H2S-, PAD negative, and Citrate negative?

<p>To differentiate <em>Shigella</em> species from <em>Yersinia pestis</em>. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Indole production aid in the identification of organisms that display a K/A H2S+ reaction on TSI agar and are PAD positive?

<p>It differentiates <em>Proteus mirabilis</em> from <em>Salmonella</em> and <em>Citrobacter</em> species. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An organism demonstrates an A/A H2S- reaction on TSI agar and IMViC results of --+-. What additional test would BEST differentiate Enterobacter aerogenes from other possible organisms?

<p>Gas Production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following K/A H2S+ on TSI agar, and a negative PAD reaction, what test result combination identifies Salmonella spp.?

<p>Cadaverine Negative, Indole Negative (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

With a K/K result on TSI agar, what initial step determines the direction of further testing?

<p>Assessment of Lactose Fermentation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical significance of differentiating Citrobacter freundii from Salmonella arizonae based on their reactions on TSI agar and subsequent tests?

<p><em>Salmonella arizonae</em> is primarily associated with reptile-associated infections, while <em>Citrobacter freundii</em> is more often linked to nosocomial infections. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the presence or absence of gas production (Gas +/-) differentiate among organisms showing A/A H2S- reaction on TSI agar and similar IMViC reactions?

<p>Gas production differentiates <em>Escherichia coli</em> from <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following a K/A H2S- TSI result, if an organism tests positive for PAD, what is the significance of testing for Citrate utilization and motility at 37°C?

<p>To differentiate <em>Providencia</em> and <em>Morganella</em> species from each other. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST crucial step in accurately interpreting TSI agar results to guide downstream biochemical testing for organism identification?

<p>Accurately assessing the slant and butt reactions (K/A, A/A, K/K) and H2S production. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initial step is MOST critical when an organism displays a K/K reaction (no change) on TSI agar?

<p>Recognizing the organism as a non-lactose fermenter and proceeding with appropriate identification schemes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the presence of H2S production affect the interpretation of TSI agar results when differentiating between Salmonella and Citrobacter freundii?

<p>It complicates differentiation because both can produce H2S, requiring further tests. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

K/A/H2S+ on TSI agar

TSI result: Alkaline slant (red), Acid butt (yellow), H2S production.

K/A/H2S+ organisms

Organisms: Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella spp., Citrobacter freundii, Edwardsiella tarda.

A/A/H2S+ on TSI agar

TSI result: Acid slant (red), Acid butt (yellow) with H2S production.

A/A/H2S+ organisms

Organisms: Proteus vulgaris, Citrobacter freundii, Salmonella Arizonae.

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K/A/H2S- on TSI agar

TSI result: Alkaline slant (red), Acid butt (yellow), no H2S production.

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K/A/H2S- organisms

Organisms: Providencia rettgeri, Morganella morganii, Shigella spp., E. coli, Yersinia pestis, Serratia.

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A/A/H2S- on TSI agar

TSI result: Acid slant (red), Acid butt (yellow), no H2S production.

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A/A/H2S- organisms

Organisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp..

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K/K on TSI agar

TSI result: No change in slant or butt.

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Lysine Decarboxylase

Enzyme that removes a carboxyl group from lysine, producing cadaverine.

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Urease

Enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide.

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Motility

Ability of an organism to move independently.

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DNase

Enzyme that degrades DNA, breaking phosphodiester bonds.

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IMViC

Indole, Methyl Red, Voges-Proskauer, Citrate

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Indole test

Presence or absence of the enzyme tryptophanase.

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P. mirabilis indole result

Indole production is negative for P. mirabilis.

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P. vulgaris indole result

Indole production is positive for P. vulgaris.

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Citrate Utilization

Positive test indicates the organism can use citrate as sole carbon source.

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Phenylalanine Deaminase (PAD)

Test to detect the production of phenylpyruvic acid.

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Non-lactose fermenter (NLF)

Organism that does not ferment lactose.

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Study Notes

  • TSI agar is used to differentiate microorganisms.

K/A/H2S+

  • Includes Proteus mirabilis (PM), Salmonella spp. (SM), Citrobacter freundii (CF), and Edwardsiella tarda (EW).
  • Proteus mirabilis is Indole negative.
  • Salmonella spp., Citrobacter freundii, and Edwardsiella tarda produce cadaverine and test positive for lysine decarboxylase.
  • Salmonella spp. and E. tarda test positive for Indole.

A/A H2S+

  • Includes Proteus vulgaris (PV), Citrobacter freundii (CF), and Salmonella Arizonae (SMA).
  • Proteus vulgaris is Indole positive, while Citrobacter freundii and Salmonella Arizonae are PAD negative.
  • Salmonella spp. and Salmonella Paratyphi A test positive for cadaverine and lysine decarboxylase.

K/A H2S-

  • Includes Providencia rettgeri (PR), Morganella morganii (MM), Providencia stuartii (PS), Citrobacter spp. (C), Shigella spp. (G), Escherichia coli (E.coli), Providencia alcalifaciens (PA), Yersinia pestis (Y), and Serratia spp.
  • Providencia rettgeri, Morganella morganii, Providencia stuartii, and Providencia alcalifaciens are PAD positive.
  • Escherichia coli, Citrobacter spp., and Serratia spp. test positive for motility at 37°C.
  • Escherichia coli tests positive for citrate, while Citrobacter spp. and Serratia spp. test negative.
  • Shigella spp. and Y. pestis test negative for gas production.
  • Serratia spp. tests positive for DNase, while Enterobacter spp. tests negative.

A/A H2S-

  • Includes Escherichia coli (E), Klebsiella spp. (K), Enterobacter spp. (E), and Serratia sp. (Serratia sp.).
  • Escherichia coli has ++-- IMV:C results.
  • Klebsiella sp., Enterobacter sp., and Serratia sp. have --++ IMV:C results.
  • Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., and Serratia spp. test negative for motility at 37°C.

K/K (no change)

  • Refer to Identification of NLF (Non-Lactose Fermenting bacteria).

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