Podcast
Questions and Answers
What occurs at the junction of a P-N diode when it is forward biased?
What occurs at the junction of a P-N diode when it is forward biased?
What is the primary active medium used in a homo junction semiconductor laser?
What is the primary active medium used in a homo junction semiconductor laser?
What is the primary method of pumping used in a homo junction semiconductor laser?
What is the primary method of pumping used in a homo junction semiconductor laser?
In a homo junction semiconductor laser, what is the wavelength of the emitted laser light?
In a homo junction semiconductor laser, what is the wavelength of the emitted laser light?
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What is the purpose of the polished faces in a homo junction semiconductor diode?
What is the purpose of the polished faces in a homo junction semiconductor diode?
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What characterizes the power output of a homo junction semiconductor laser?
What characterizes the power output of a homo junction semiconductor laser?
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In a hetero junction semiconductor laser, how is the charge carrier region described?
In a hetero junction semiconductor laser, how is the charge carrier region described?
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Which description fits the output nature of a homo junction semiconductor laser?
Which description fits the output nature of a homo junction semiconductor laser?
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What is a primary characteristic of fiber optic sensors that enhances their functionality?
What is a primary characteristic of fiber optic sensors that enhances their functionality?
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In terms of environmental resilience, fiber optic sensors are known for being resistant to which of the following?
In terms of environmental resilience, fiber optic sensors are known for being resistant to which of the following?
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Which component is NOT typically included in the block diagram of a fiber optic sensor?
Which component is NOT typically included in the block diagram of a fiber optic sensor?
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What aspect of fiber optic sensors allows for determining the distance to various sensors in a multiplexed system?
What aspect of fiber optic sensors allows for determining the distance to various sensors in a multiplexed system?
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using fiber optic sensors?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using fiber optic sensors?
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What distinguishes fiber optic sensors from traditional sensors in terms of size?
What distinguishes fiber optic sensors from traditional sensors in terms of size?
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Which type of optical source is commonly used in fiber optic sensors?
Which type of optical source is commonly used in fiber optic sensors?
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Which application is fiber optic sensing particularly suitable for?
Which application is fiber optic sensing particularly suitable for?
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What is the function of the optical transmitter in a fiber optic communication system?
What is the function of the optical transmitter in a fiber optic communication system?
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Which component is responsible for improving the signal to noise ratio when the optical signal reaches the receiver?
Which component is responsible for improving the signal to noise ratio when the optical signal reaches the receiver?
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What is waveguide dispersion dependent on?
What is waveguide dispersion dependent on?
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Which of the following elements provides temporary non-fixed joints between two optical fibers?
Which of the following elements provides temporary non-fixed joints between two optical fibers?
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In which scenario is a repeater essential for a fiber optic communication system?
In which scenario is a repeater essential for a fiber optic communication system?
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What does the driver circuit in the optical transmitter do?
What does the driver circuit in the optical transmitter do?
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Which component is used for permanently joining two individual optical fibers?
Which component is used for permanently joining two individual optical fibers?
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Which type of fiber is suitable for short distance communication as per the system elements?
Which type of fiber is suitable for short distance communication as per the system elements?
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What is the primary function of the p-GaAs layer in the semiconductor diode laser?
What is the primary function of the p-GaAs layer in the semiconductor diode laser?
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How is population inversion achieved in the p-GaAs layer?
How is population inversion achieved in the p-GaAs layer?
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What triggers the emission of stimulated photons in the p-GaAs layer?
What triggers the emission of stimulated photons in the p-GaAs layer?
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What is the wavelength of the laser beam emitted from the diode?
What is the wavelength of the laser beam emitted from the diode?
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Which material layers have a wider energy gap and lower refractive index compared to p-GaAs?
Which material layers have a wider energy gap and lower refractive index compared to p-GaAs?
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What principle is fiber optics primarily based on?
What principle is fiber optics primarily based on?
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What was the significant contribution of John Tyndall to the understanding of light conduction?
What was the significant contribution of John Tyndall to the understanding of light conduction?
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What type of laser is the heterojunction laser categorized as?
What type of laser is the heterojunction laser categorized as?
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What is the ratio of spontaneous to stimulated emission for microwave photons at 300 K?
What is the ratio of spontaneous to stimulated emission for microwave photons at 300 K?
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What is the energy of an optical photon calculated at 300 K?
What is the energy of an optical photon calculated at 300 K?
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What is the numerical aperture of a fiber with a core index of 1.5 and cladding index of 1.45?
What is the numerical aperture of a fiber with a core index of 1.5 and cladding index of 1.45?
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Which formula is used to calculate the ratio of spontaneous to stimulated emission?
Which formula is used to calculate the ratio of spontaneous to stimulated emission?
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What is the acceptance angle for a fiber with a numerical aperture of 0.384?
What is the acceptance angle for a fiber with a numerical aperture of 0.384?
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What is the significance of the parameter kT in the ratio calculation?
What is the significance of the parameter kT in the ratio calculation?
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What is the main application of calculating the numerical aperture in optical fibers?
What is the main application of calculating the numerical aperture in optical fibers?
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If a fiber has a core refractive index of 1.54 and is surrounded by water (n = 1.33), what is the effect on the numerical aperture?
If a fiber has a core refractive index of 1.54 and is surrounded by water (n = 1.33), what is the effect on the numerical aperture?
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What does the equation μ₀μᵣH = μ₀H(1 + I) represent?
What does the equation μ₀μᵣH = μ₀H(1 + I) represent?
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What is the significance of the term I in the equation μH = μ₀(H + I)?
What is the significance of the term I in the equation μH = μ₀(H + I)?
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How is the Bohr magneton defined mathematically?
How is the Bohr magneton defined mathematically?
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Which component contributes to the permanent magnetic dipole moment of an atom?
Which component contributes to the permanent magnetic dipole moment of an atom?
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What spins about their own axis produces magnetic dipole moments in electrons?
What spins about their own axis produces magnetic dipole moments in electrons?
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What does the symbol χ often indicate in the context of magnetic properties?
What does the symbol χ often indicate in the context of magnetic properties?
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Which of the following accurately describes the contribution of the nuclear spin angular momentum?
Which of the following accurately describes the contribution of the nuclear spin angular momentum?
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In the equation μᵣ = 1 + χ, what does μᵣ represent?
In the equation μᵣ = 1 + χ, what does μᵣ represent?
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Course title: Physics for Information Science
- Course code: PH23132
- Offered by: Rajalakshmi Engineering College (Autonomous)
- Common to: I semester CSE, CSE (CS), AIML, AI&DS & CSD and II semester- B.Tech – Information Technology
Course Objectives
- Understand principles of lasers & fiber optics in engineering and technology
- Analyze properties of magnetic & superconducting materials
- Understand quantum theory & its applications
- Gain proficiency in semiconductor applications
- Gain proficiency in optoelectronic devices
Units Covered
- Unit I: Lasers & Fiber Optics
- Characteristics of lasers
- Derivation of Einstein's A & B coefficients
- Resonant cavity & optical amplification
- Nd-YAG Laser, Semiconductor lasers (homojunction & heterojunction)
- Applications of lasers
- Fiber optics: principle, numerical aperture, & acceptance angle
- Types of optical fibers (material, mode, & refractive index)
- Associated fiber optic losses
- Fiber optic communication systems
- Fiber optic sensors (pressure & displacement)
- Unit II: Magnetic & Superconducting Materials
- Magnetic dipole moment & atomic magnetic moments
- Magnetic permeability & susceptibility
- Magnetic material classification (diamagnetism, paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, ferrimagnetism)
- Domain Theory
- Hard & soft magnetic materials, examples & uses
- Computer data storage: magnetic principles
- Properties of superconductors
- BCS theory (qualitative)
- Type-I & Type-II superconductors
- Magnetic levitation
- SQUID and Cryotron
- Unit III: Quantum Physics
- Quantum free electron theory
- De Broglie's concept
- Schrodinger wave equation (time independent and dependent forms)
- Physical significance of wave function
- Particle in a one dimensional box
- Electrons in metals
- Degenerate states
- Fermi Dirac statistics
- Density of energy states
- Size dependence of Fermi energy
- Quantum confinement (quantum wells, wires, dots, and clusters)
- Band gap of nanomaterials
- Unit IV: Semiconductor Physics
- Intrinsic semiconductors - energy band diagrams
- Direct & indirect bandgap semiconductors
- Carrier concentration in intrinsic semiconductors
- Extrinsic semiconductors
- Hall effect & determination of Hall co-efficient
- P-N junction formation (forward & reverse bias)
- Ohmic contact
- Schottky diode
- Tunnel diode
- Unit V: Optoelectronics
- Classification of optical materials
- Carrier generation & combination
- Light absorption, emission, & scattering
- Photoelectric effect (photocurrent, phototransistors, solar cells, LED, OLED)
- Organic LEDs (OLEDs)
- Non-linear optical materials
Course Outcomes
- Describe the functioning of lasers and fiber optics in various applications
- Explain the properties of various magnetic and superconducting materials
- Describe quantum theory & applications
- Ability to apply concepts of electron transport to use nanodevices.
- Ability to analyse semiconductor devices
- Ability to apply concepts of lasers & fiber optics to communication
- Ability to analyze physics of optical materials in optoelectronics
- Ability to use concepts of laser & fiber optic communication
Reference Materials
- Bhattacharya, D.K. & Poonam, T. “Engineering Physics”. Oxford University Press, 2015.
- Jasprit Singh, "Semiconductor Devices: Basic Principles", Wiley 2012.
- Other relevant textbooks/web links mentioned in document.
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