16 Questions
What is the relationship between a test's reliability and validity?
The lower the test's reliability, the lower the test's validity
What is a 'Construct score'?
The score that represents a person's standing on a theoretical variable, independent of the measurement
What is the relationship between 'Observed scores', 'True scores', and 'Measurement error' according to the text?
Observed scores = True scores + Measurement error (reliable)
What is the effect of 'Practice' on test performance according to the text?
Practice improves test performance by providing an opportunity to learn and practice the ability being measured
What is the effect of 'Fatigue' on test performance according to the text?
Fatigue reduces test performance by decreasing overall mental energy or motivation
What does a generalizability study examine?
The impact of variables in the testing situation on test scores
What do coefficients of generalizability represent?
The influence of different facets on test scores
In psychological assessment, facets refer to considerations such as __.
The purpose of the test administration
What does a universe score in true scores generalizability theory represent?
The impact of different facets on the test score
What is the focus of a decision study related to psychological assessments?
Understanding how dependable test scores are for decision-making
How are coefficients of generalizability similar to reliability coefficients?
They both measure the precision of a test score assessment
Which of the following is an assumption of Classical Test Theory (CTT)?
Errors of measurement are random
What is the purpose of Generalizability Theory?
To estimate the contribution of specific sources of variation to test scores
What does the term 'Universe Score' refer to in the context of Generalizability Theory?
The score that an individual would obtain if all sources of measurement error were eliminated
What is the main difference between Classical Test Theory and Generalizability Theory?
Classical Test Theory assumes a single source of measurement error, while Generalizability Theory considers multiple sources
What does the term 'Facets' refer to in the context of psychological assessment?
The different sources of measurement error in an assessment
Study Notes
Reliability and Generalizability
- Test reliability is an objective measure of how precisely the test score reflects the domain from which the test draws a sample
- True score is a person's genuine ability level as measured by a particular test, which would be obtained if there were no errors
- Errors of measurement are assumed to be random, and the distribution of random errors is bell-shaped
Generalizability Theory
- Universe score is a person's test scores that vary from testing to testing due to variables in the testing situation
- Facets of the universe include the number of items in the test, the amount of training the test scorers have had, and the purpose of the test administration
- Coefficients of generalizability represent the influence of particular facets on the test score, similar to reliability coefficients in the true score model
Decision Study
- A decision study involves the application of information from a generalizability study to examine the usefulness of test scores in helping the test user make decisions
- It tells the test user how test scores should be used and how dependable those scores are as a basis for decisions, depending on the context of their use
Classical Test Theory (CTT)
- Also referred to as the true score model of measurement, it is the most widely used and accepted model in the psychometric literature today due to its simplicity
- Each person has a true score that would be obtained if there were no errors
Test Scores and Errors
- Observed scores are determined by true scores and measurement error
- A reliable test gives scores that closely approximate true scores, while a valid test gives scores that closely approximate construct scores
- The lower the test's reliability, the lower the test's validity
- A test can be reliable but not valid, such as a deeply flawed test that gives consistent measurements
Test your knowledge on the concept of true scores generalizability theory, which focuses on the reliability of test scores and how they assess a sample from a specific domain. Explore facets such as the number of test items, scorer training, and test purpose.
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