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Questions and Answers
The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale classifies hurricanes based on ______ speed.
The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale classifies hurricanes based on ______ speed.
wind
The Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale is used in the ______ Pacific Ocean.
The Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale is used in the ______ Pacific Ocean.
Western
A tropical cyclone with a wind speed of 39-73 mph is classified as a ______.
A tropical cyclone with a wind speed of 39-73 mph is classified as a ______.
Tropical Storm
A cyclone with a central pressure of 980 hPa or lower is classified as a ______.
A cyclone with a central pressure of 980 hPa or lower is classified as a ______.
A cyclone with a wind speed of 150 mph or higher is classified as a ______.
A cyclone with a wind speed of 150 mph or higher is classified as a ______.
Typhoons form over warm ocean waters with temperatures of at least ______ °C.
Typhoons form over warm ocean waters with temperatures of at least ______ °C.
As air rises, it cools, and the water vapor ______, releasing heat.
As air rises, it cools, and the water vapor ______, releasing heat.
Typhoons can bring ______ rainfall, leading to flooding and landslides.
Typhoons can bring ______ rainfall, leading to flooding and landslides.
A ______ is a rise in sea level due to the storm, causing coastal flooding.
A ______ is a rise in sea level due to the storm, causing coastal flooding.
Typhoons can cause extensive damage to ______, agriculture, and human life.
Typhoons can cause extensive damage to ______, agriculture, and human life.
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Study Notes
Cyclone Classification
Tropical Cyclone Classification Scales
- Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale
- Classifies hurricanes based on wind speed
- Categories 1-5, with 5 being the highest
- Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale
- Used in the Western Pacific Ocean
- Classifies typhoons into 5 categories (T1-T5)
- Based on wind speed and central pressure
- India Meteorological Department (IMD) Scale
- Used in the North Indian Ocean
- Classifies cyclones into 5 categories (Low Pressure Area to Super Cyclonic Storm)
- Based on wind speed and central pressure
Classification by Wind Speed
- Tropical Depression
- Wind speed: 38 mph (33 knots) or less
- Tropical Storm
- Wind speed: 39-73 mph (34-63 knots)
- Typhoon
- Wind speed: 74 mph (64 knots) or higher
- Super Typhoon
- Wind speed: 150 mph (130 knots) or higher
Classification by Central Pressure
- Tropical Cyclone
- Central pressure: 980 hPa or lower
- Severe Tropical Cyclone
- Central pressure: 930 hPa or lower
Cyclone Classification
Tropical Cyclone Classification Scales
- Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale categorizes hurricanes into 5 categories based on wind speed, with Category 5 being the highest.
- Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale, used in the Western Pacific Ocean, classifies typhoons into 5 categories (T1-T5) based on wind speed and central pressure.
- India Meteorological Department (IMD) Scale, used in the North Indian Ocean, classifies cyclones into 5 categories (Low Pressure Area to Super Cyclonic Storm) based on wind speed and central pressure.
Classification by Wind Speed
- Tropical Depression has a wind speed of 38 mph (33 knots) or less.
- Tropical Storm has a wind speed of 39-73 mph (34-63 knots).
- Typhoon has a wind speed of 74 mph (64 knots) or higher.
- Super Typhoon has a wind speed of 150 mph (130 knots) or higher.
Classification by Central Pressure
- Tropical Cyclone has a central pressure of 980 hPa or lower.
- Severe Tropical Cyclone has a central pressure of 930 hPa or lower.
Definition and Formation
- Occurs in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean, specifically in the western Pacific Ocean.
- Formed when a low-pressure system strengthens over warm ocean waters (at least 26.5°C) in the tropics.
- Warm ocean waters heat the air above, causing it to rise and create low pressure, which fuels the storm.
Characteristics
- Have strong winds of at least 119 km/h (74 mph).
- Bring heavy rainfall, leading to flooding and landslides.
- Cause storm surge, a rise in sea level, resulting in coastal flooding.
Classification
- Classified based on wind speed into four categories: Tropical Depression, Tropical Storm, Typhoon, and Super Typhoon.
- Tropical Depression: wind speed < 38 mph (61 km/h).
- Tropical Storm: wind speed of 39-73 mph (63-118 km/h).
- Typhoon: wind speed of 74-119 mph (119-191 km/h).
- Super Typhoon: wind speed of 120 mph (193 km/h) or higher.
Life Cycle
- Form over warm ocean waters in the tropics.
- Reach peak intensity during maturity.
- Weaken and eventually dissipate during dissipation.
Impact
- Cause extensive damage to infrastructure, agriculture, and human life.
- Lead to flooding and landslides.
- Storm surge causes coastal erosion and saltwater intrusion into freshwater sources.
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