tRNA and Protein Synthesis Recap Lecture Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

  • Form the primary structure of proteins
  • Facilitate the transport of mature mRNA
  • Serve as a template for DNA replication
  • Act as a messenger to carry information from DNA to make proteins (correct)

In the Central Dogma, what macromolecule is directly involved in protein synthesis?

  • DNA
  • Lipids
  • Carbohydrates
  • RNA (correct)

Which term describes an organism's hereditary information?

  • Ribosome function
  • Protein sequence
  • Phenotype
  • Genotype (correct)

What is the function of transcription in protein synthesis?

<p>Conversion of DNA into RNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does translation play in the process of protein synthesis?

<p>Converting mRNA into proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does RNA contribute to protein synthesis?

<p>Carries information from DNA to make proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many exons code for the protein produced by the TATA-box binding protein gene?

<p>8 exons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of initiator tRNA in translation initiation?

<p>Binds to the small ribosomal subunit before mRNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of base pairs that the gene for TATA-box binding protein spans on chromosome 6?

<p>18,000 bp (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During translation elongation, what is the role of GTP?

<p>Increases accuracy and efficiency in codon recognition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many amino acids are present in the protein encoded by the Huntingtin gene?

<p>3144 amino acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In translation termination, what happens when the mRNA stop codon is in the A site?

<p>It is bound by a release factor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate length of the mature mRNA transcript produced by the TATA-box binding protein gene?

<p>~1800 nt (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in translation elongation?

<p>Reload empty tRNAs in the cytoplasm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chromosome houses the gene for Huntingtin?

<p>Chromosome 4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is energy required during translation elongation?

<p>To move tRNAs from A to P site (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In translation, what role does the P site within the ribosome play?

<p>Holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of gene regulatory proteins according to the text?

<p>Block translation process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process involves ubiquitination for proteasome degradation?

<p>Protein degradation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the 2:41m video link provided in the text?

<p>To demonstrate protein synthesis overview (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which video link was recommended to students for more information on 5’ – 3’ and N and C terminus?

<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rn9zldxtZko">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rn9zldxtZko</a> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What content can be found on page 70 that students were asked to complete as part of their revision?

<p>Lecture slides with images of cell division (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the mitosis video recommended to be watched before the next lecture?

<p>To explain cell division stages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are proteins destined to function in the cytosol translated?

<p>On free ribosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What directs ribosomes to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

<p>SRP: Signal Recognition Particle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step involves solubilizing a secretory protein in the lumen during translation?

<p>Step 6 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do some post-translational modifications occur for proteins?

<p>Cytosol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which modification involves the addition of a phosphate group to a protein?

<p>Phosphorylation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of signal peptides in protein translation?

<p>Direct ribosomes to the RER (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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