Trigonometry and Heights Quiz

Definition: Branch of mathematics dealing with the relationships between the angles and sides of triangles, particularly right triangles.
Key Functions:
- Sine (sin): Opposite side / Hypotenuse
- Cosine (cos): Adjacent side / Hypotenuse
- Tangent (tan): Opposite side / Adjacent side
Reciprocal Functions:
- Cosecant (csc) = 1/sin
- Secant (sec) = 1/cos
- Cotangent (cot) = 1/tan
Pythagorean Identities:
- sin²(θ) + cos²(θ) = 1
- 1 + tan²(θ) = sec²(θ)
- 1 + cot²(θ) = csc²(θ)
Unit Circle:
- Circle with radius 1 centered at the origin (0,0).
- Coordinates (cos(θ), sin(θ)) for any angle θ.
Applications: Used in physics, engineering, architecture, and navigation.

Concept: Involves the calculation of heights and distances using trigonometric principles.
Basic Principle: Using right triangles to relate angles of elevation/depression to heights and distances.
Key Terms:
- Angle of Elevation: Angle between the horizontal line and the line of sight upwards to an object.
- Angle of Depression: Angle between the horizontal line and the line of sight downwards to an object.
Formulas:
- Height (h) = d * tan(θ) where θ is the angle of elevation and d is the horizontal distance.
- Distance (d) = h / tan(θ) where h is the height and θ is the angle of elevation.
Problem Solving Steps:
1. Identify the right triangle formed by the height, distance, and line of sight.
2. Determine the angle of elevation or depression.
3. Apply trigonometric ratios to find the unknown height or distance.
Real World Applications: Used in surveying, construction, navigation, and determining the height of objects like buildings or mountains.

Trigonometry focuses on the relationships between angles and sides of triangles, mainly right triangles.
Key Functions:
- Sine (sin): Ratio of the opposite side to the hypotenuse of a right triangle.
- Cosine (cos): Ratio of the adjacent side to the hypotenuse.
- Tangent (tan): Ratio of the opposite side to the adjacent side.
Reciprocal Functions:
- Cosecant (csc): Reciprocal of sine (1/sin).
- Secant (sec): Reciprocal of cosine (1/cos).
- Cotangent (cot): Reciprocal of tangent (1/tan).
Pythagorean Identities:
- Fundamental relationships involving sine and cosine: sin²(θ) + cos²(θ) = 1.
- Relationships involving tangent and secant: 1 + tan²(θ) = sec²(θ).
- Relationships involving cotangent and cosecant: 1 + cot²(θ) = csc²(θ).
Unit Circle:
- A circle with a radius of 1, centered at the origin (0,0), essential for defining trigonometric functions.
- Coordinates on the unit circle for any angle θ are given by (cos(θ), sin(θ)).
Applications: Trigonometry is vital in fields such as physics, engineering, architecture, and navigation.

Calculation of heights and distances relies on trigonometric principles.
Key Concepts:
- Right triangles relate angles of elevation and depression to practical height and distance calculations.
Key Terms:
- Angle of Elevation: The angle formed between a horizontal line and the upward line of sight to an object.
- Angle of Depression: The angle formed between a horizontal line and the downward line of sight to an object.
Formulas:
- Height (h) can be calculated as h = d * tan(θ) using the angle of elevation (θ) and horizontal distance (d).
- Distance (d) can be determined using d = h / tan(θ) with known height and angle of elevation.
Problem Solving Steps:
- Identify the right triangle consisting of height, distance, and line of sight.
- Determine the angle of elevation or depression.
- Use trigonometric ratios to calculate the unknown value (height or distance).
Real World Applications: This approach is commonly applied in surveying, construction projects, navigation, and determining the heights of structures like buildings or mountains.