Trigonometry and Astronomy in History

Trigonometry and Algebra

• Ibn Moosaa's work "Hisaab- Al-Jab Wal Muqaabala" included 800 examples in the 8th century, focusing on trigonometry.
• This work was translated from Arabic to Latin and served as Europe's primary textbook on algebra until the 16th century.
• Muhammad bin Moosaa Al-Khawaarizimi’s contributions to algebra led to the term "Algorithm," derived from his name or Khwaarizm, his birthplace in present-day Uzbekistan.
• He also introduced various arithmetic procedures, enhancing operations on fractions.

Astronomy and Instrumentation

• The astrolabe, an essential instrument for observing stars, was invented during this period.
• Haaroon Ar-Rasheed is associated with the invention of the pendulum and the presentation of the water clock to Emperor Charlemagne.

Architecture and Engineering

• Significant architectural advancements were made, including the construction of the Great Mosque of Damascus before the 8th century.

Mechanics and Physics

• Moosaa bin Shaakir documented 100 mechanical devices in his writings, illustrating early engineering concepts.
• Kamaaluddeen studied the refraction of sunlight in raindrops, explaining the formation of primary and secondary rainbows.

Water Management

• Water wheels were developed as machinery driven by flowing water, utilized for raising water or powering devices.
• Water irrigation practices involved channeling water to land and crops to promote growth.

Optics

• Ibn Haytham invented the Camera Obscura in 1038 CE, making significant contributions to the field of optics.

Theoretical Physics

• Qaadhi Abu Bakr advanced the concept of the Theory of Relativity in the 8th century, exploring mathematical equations related to time and space within astrophysics.

Explore the crucial contributions of Ibn Moosaa in trigonometry and astronomy, including his significant work 'Hisaab- Al-Jab Wal Muqaabala' which shaped European mathematics for centuries. Discover the inventions such as the astrolabe that revolutionized star observation and the architectural wonders of the era.