Tri-State Buffers and Instruction Decoding

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Questions and Answers

Which Intel processor was the first to introduce MMX technology?

Intel Pentium III

Intel 80486

Intel Pentium Pro

Intel Pentium II (correct)

Which Intel processor had a clock speed of 1GHz?

Intel Pentium Pro

Intel Pentium IV

Intel Pentium II

Intel Pentium III (correct)

Which Intel processor had all internal connections made from aluminum to copper?

Intel Pentium III

Intel Dual Core

Intel Pentium II Xeon

Intel Pentium IV (correct)

Which Intel processor was designed for servers?

Intel Pentium II Xeon Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the RD and WR lines in a microprocessor?

To tell the memory whether it wants to set or get the addressed location Signup and view all the answers

What is an ALU in a microprocessor responsible for?

Performing arithmetic and logical operations on data Signup and view all the answers

How does the program counter differ from registers A, B, and C in a microprocessor?

It has an additional ability to increment by 1 and reset to zero Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the clock line in a microprocessor?

To let a clock pulse sequence the processor Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a tri-state buffer in a microprocessor?

Pass a 1, pass a 0, or disconnect its output Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the instruction decoder in a microprocessor?

Control all other components Signup and view all the answers

How many tri-state buffers are marked as '3-State' in the diagram?

Six Signup and view all the answers

What does the instruction register latch the value currently on?

Data bus Signup and view all the answers

Which lines tell the A register and B register to latch the value currently on the data bus?

Control lines from the instruction decoder Signup and view all the answers

What do the RD and WR lines control in a microprocessor?

Memory operations Signup and view all the answers

What does the address bus in the microprocessor do?

Specifies the number of bytes the microprocessor can address Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the RD line changes state in the ROM chip?

ROM chip presents the selected byte onto the data bus Signup and view all the answers

What is one issue with today's RAM chips mentioned in the text?

They forget everything once the power goes off Signup and view all the answers

What is stored in ROM and what is its significance?

Permanent collection of pre-set bytes, significant for data read by microprocessor Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Intel Processors

The first Intel processor to introduce MMX technology was the Pentium MMX.
The Intel processor with a clock speed of 1GHz was the Pentium III.
The Intel processor that changed internal connections from aluminum to copper was the Pentium 4.
The Intel processor designed for servers was the Xeon.

Microprocessor Components

The RD and WR lines control data transfer between the microprocessor and memory.
The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is responsible for performing arithmetic and logical operations.
The program counter differs from registers A, B, and C in that it stores the memory address of the next instruction to be executed.
The clock line synchronizes the operation of the microprocessor.

Microprocessor Functionality

The tri-state buffer allows multiple devices to share the same bus, but only one device can drive the bus at a time.
The instruction decoder translates opcodes into specific microprocessor actions.
The instruction register latches the value currently on the bus, which is the opcode of the current instruction.

Registers and Bus

The RD and WR lines control when the A and B registers latch the value currently on the data bus.
The address bus carries the memory address of the data being accessed.

ROM and RAM

When the RD line changes state in the ROM chip, the data is output onto the data bus.
One issue with today's RAM chips is that they are volatile, meaning their contents are lost when power is turned off.
ROM (Read-Only Memory) stores permanent data and instructions, and its significance is that it retains its data even when power is turned off.

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Description

Learn about how values are stored in flip-flops and how instruction decoders use them to make decisions. Understand the function of tri-state buffers in allowing multiple outputs to connect to a wire but only one to drive a value onto the line.