Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking

• Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century Culture is a course for senior high school students, under the subject group of specialized studies
• The semester is Second and it falls under Quarter FOURTH

Course Description

• This course allows students to discover patterns and extract meanings from emerging trends
• Critical and creative thinking skills, important for decision-making and understanding "ethics of care" are developed
• Global trends in the 21st century are examined and are either accepted or rejected on a sound set of criteria
• Students create and analyze scenarios, formulate stances on issues, propose interventions, and formulate alternative futures
• Students realize the interconnections between neural connections and social realities

Course Requirements and Grading System

• Enabling Assessment Activity 1.1 and 1.2 has a final grade weighting of 10% and a raw score of 20
• Assimilation 1 has a final grade weighting of 15% and a raw score of 30
• Enabling Assessment Activity 2.1 and 2.2 has a final grade weighting of 10% and a raw score of 20
• Assimilation 2 has a final grade weighting of 15% and a raw score of 30
• Enabling Assessment Activity 3 has a final grade weighting of 25% and a raw score of 40
• Enabling Assessment Activity 4.1 and 4.2 has a final grade weighting of 5% and a raw score of 10
• Assimilation 4
• The final grade weighting of Culminating Performance Task is 15% and has a raw score of 30
• The total raw score is 200, making up 100% of the final grade
• Quarter 4 is graded based on a Performance Check (50%) and Enabling Assessment and Activity (30%) and Quarter 4 Examination (20%)

Prerequisite Knowledge

• Basic understanding of government systems like democracy, dictatorship, and monarchy is needed
• Awareness of fundamental human rights and civic responsibilities is expected
• Familiarity with historical examples of democratic and non-democratic governments is required

Prerequisite Skill

• Critical thinking and analysis of political concepts is a necessary skill
• Ability to compare and contrast different political systems is essential

Prerequisite Assessment

• Discussion Reflection involves reflecting on a democratic or non-democratic event in history and explaining its impact

Democracy - Introduction

• Time allotment is 4 hours for this week
• Reach out to the teacher and you will be assisted as soon as possible
• Objectives (RUA):
  • Identify democratic practices
  • Explain the importance of participation in democracy
  • Differentiate participatory from representative democracy
  • Assess democratic interventions prevailing in political and social institutions
  • Formulate a viable alternative to undemocratic practices
• Institutional values include:
  • Appreciation for humanity and the world
  • Critical Thinking
  • Curiosity
  • Excellence
  • Integrity

Overview of the Lesson

• Learners apply critical thinking to understand the significance of democracy

What is Democracy?

• Democracy is a form of government where the people hold supreme power, exercised directly or through elected agents under a free electoral system
• It aims for equality of rights and privileges
• The term originates from the Greek words "demos" (people) and "kratos" (strength or power)

Democratic Practice

• It is a set of principles guiding interactions for community improvement and a more just society

Democratic Practices

• Suffrage ensures that eligible voters have the right to elect their government officials through secret vote
• Public assembly and consultation ensures the people's right to peaceful assembly, as stated in "The Public Assembly Act of 1985."
  • Citizens can participate in rallies, demonstrations, marches, public meetings, processions, or parades in public places, this allows them to express opinions, protest, or air grievances
• Majority rule and minority rights ensures binding decisions are made by a vote of more than one-half of all participants in an election
• Conduct of plebiscite allows for constitutional amendments with the approval of the people, an electoral process for approving or rejecting constitutional changes
• Democratic participation involves free and uncoerced involvement or engagement

Importance of Participation in Democracy

• Provides equality and equal opportunities for all citizens in government
• Checks and balances the government to prevent abuse of power by officials
• Allows citizens to influence policies through plebiscites in selecting delegates or representatives
• Allows the majority to remove politicians holding excessive power and abusing it
• Promotes freedom, human rights, business, and innovation
• Fosters competence, stability, and transparency in governance with dedicated leaders
• Provides political education on state affairs
• Upholds change through citizen participation in government

Types of Democracy

• Representative democracy (indirect democracy) lets qualified citizens exercise political power through elected representatives
  • Sovereign power remains with the citizens, but is delegated to elected representatives through votes
• Participatory democracy encourages active and wider involvement of citizens
  • Representative democracy motivates citizens's contributions to policy making, while participatory democracy offers more opportunities for population participation in decision-making through popular assemblies
  • Variants includes direct democracy, where all eligible citizens directly involve themselves in making political decisions
  • One example of participatory democracy was the EDSA People Power of 1986, which toppled President Ferdinand Marcos' dictatorship

Political Institutions

• Political institutions create, enforce, and apply laws, mediating conflict and making policies related to the economy and social systems and provide representation
• Political institutions are generic, while political structures are specific
  • Political structures pertain to the executive branch, while political institutions pertain to the legislative branch
• Democracy requires political institutions to perform their assigned functions
• The Constitution lays down basic rules on the powers and functions of each institution
• The Prime Minister and the Cabinet are institutions that make all important policy decisions

Institutions

• Institutions in democratic governments promote the rule of law, ensure justice, and fairness by defining powers through the constitution
• Social institutions are groups with a common purpose, governing behavior and expectations as part of the social order
• Social institutions are systems of behavior and relationship patterns that order and structure individual behavior through normative character
• Family is socially and legally important in Germany, creating stable relationships

Institutions in Sociological Analysis

• Institutions regulate social behavior, address conflict, and reflect compromises or consensus
• Conflicts of divergent interests, normative or goal conflicts, and competing interpretations on its function mean institutions are also arenas for the exertion of power given how institutions emerge and change
• They reflect both complementarity and tensions, hence highlighting the importance of democratic deliberation and conflict resolution

Democratizing the Economy

• The economy balances autonomy and hierarchy between producers, consumers, managers, and workers
• Citizens are typically autonomous as consumers but in hierarchical systems as producers
• Democratic elements in the economy relate to notions of "economic democracy" expands the political democracy into the economy.

Welfare State Institutions in Democracy

• The welfare state institutions focuses on health care and social security aiming maintain the inclusion of citizens through public agencies distributing rights-based provisions
• The norm of social solidarity serves as an insurance system who are struggling to meet immediate needs in the population now or in the future

Democracy in the Media Institution

• Systems of information have been preconditions for societies, the media is institutionalized as a main source of imagination
• Diffusion, institutional character, and separation from ruling groups are not sufficient for media democracy
• Freedom of information and expression on normative bases is crucial for being democratic

Media Dilemmas

• Media should take a liberal stance by providing information for discussion about social prospects and problems, reaching a large readership
• Most media are commercial enterprises expected to profit shareholders leads to selection and trivialization based on public appeal

Institutional Norms and Conflicts

• The main social institutions are heterogeneous built around social dilemmas that necessitate compromises, therefore, democratic deliberation becomes crucial
• Democratic norms concern exclusion from basic social institutions
• In working life, its about the citizens’ general access to decent positions in the labor market
• In the welfare state, its the degree of access to health care and social services.
• In the media sector, its access to socially relevant information via the media

Democratic Practices

• Democratic practices should benefit the people with solutions should economic and political problems should never be impossible
• However, some laws, like the Freedom of Information Act, face removal with some restrictions on information
• Undemocratic practices that deny rights lead to corruption, martial law, and restrictive ordinances, corruption and poverty should be resolved by the education of young individuals

Undemocratic Practices

• Undemocratic practices are against democracy, which is, a political system where leaders can be chosen or replaced. Electoral fraud through manipulation varies across jurisdictions, with deliberate changes to election outcomes
• Public funding is used to help the public through goods and services through means like taxes, helping maintain and improve communities (Brianna Whiting).
• Corruption involves criminal activity by those in authority (Wikipedia).
• Democracy is essential in choosing leaders and setting rules that everyone can follow, however, violence and corruption can arise due to the majority not always being a good thing

Prerequisite Knowledge for Evolution of Communication

• Basic understanding of technology and its role in society is needed
• Awareness of different forms of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is necessary

Prerequisite Skills for Evolution of Communication

• Critical thinking and problem-solving in technological contexts is required
• Ability to analyze and evaluate the impact of technology on society is expected

Prerequisite Assessment for Evolution of Communication

• Explain the rights given to individuals as a declaration of freedom is needed
• Explain the difference between direct democracy and participatory democracy is essential

Evolution of Communication - Introduction

• Time allotment is 4 hours
• For questions and clarifications, consult with the subject teacher
• Able to:
  • Identify the dimensions of technology that are enabling and inhibiting
  • Discuss the benefits of technology
  • Explain the weakest link in a system using strategic and intuitive thinking
  • Explain how information communication technology can facilitate social relationships and political movements (occupy movements)
  • Propose a creative intervention to improve human life using ICT
• Institutional values include:
  • Appreciation for humanity and the world
  • Critical Thinking
  • Curiosity
  • Excellence
  • Integrity

Lesson Overview

• Discusses how communication is influenced by media and information

Technology

• Technology is the accumulation of skills, procedures, performances that make creating things using scientific methods possible
• You will learn enabling technology and how it betters society and what makes it not inhibiting

Communication

• Communication has evolved to be able to enable our daily activities
• In the 21st century, communication makes use of technology to "direct out” or distribute information to a wider audience. this includes the invention of cellular phones, televisions and other electronic devices

Technology in the Classroom

• As technology grows in the classroom, schools adapt devices help coping with the fast-changing world
• Mobile devices can be perfect learning tools that open up unlimited possibilities, but issues can arise

Potential Issues to Look Out For When Bringing Technology in Education

• Social media use: Some teachers fear that education will not be the devices use and that students will play around on social media devices instead
• Security Breach: More curious over malicious, the want to push boundaries when accessing admin servers that you allow them access to
• Cheating is easier with cheat sheets on devices, ever-evolving software companies allows alleviates to the cheating problem
• Gaming: Free gaming apps distract from productivity in learning
• Technology contributes to concentration of access to information, increase employment crisis and sustains development through new information and communication infrastructures.
• While technology has enslaved some by taking up too much of their time on social media, there are benefits, and downfalls as well that it brings
• Benefits for parents and being aware of their children and contacts for people all over the world, even through video calls. Downfalls includes the troubles from consuming mediums
• Tech innovators should make money but there is more intention in them. There are vendors, and there are consumers that are using technology

Technology in Business

• Technology can be used to organize information, data transfer and information flow within an organization.
• It can also be used to process, track and organize business records and has countless advantages in the field of business and commerce
• Technology in business leads to automation, increased production and efficiency, which is seen in accounting software such as Quickbooks

Impacts for Students in Education

• Technology speeds up the learning process for students and creates a more efficient learning environment
• Technology helps to make things more meaningful and fun and helps others lives and enables learning

ICT

• Information Communication Technology (ICT) aids information dispensation. It utilizes communication devices, electronics, computers, and software system applications to convert, store, protect, process, transmit and retrieve information

Information

• Information can be reading, investigation, studying or analysis, the daily tasks can meet and help decide
• Tools transmit it by use of telephone, television and radio, formation of a tsunami by scientists warns public

Communication in Messages and Ideas

• Communication is where information is exchanged between individuals through symbols, signs, or verbal interactions
• This was more like it through exchange of signs and symbols, rather than through drama and poetry
• Communication is more confident that ideas are expressed and compared to using the internet, e-mail or video conferencing

Technology of Communication

• The processes and products that want human desires are now important to humans
• Invention Technology dictionary defines a few new things like devices, gadgets, etc. while innovation technology is how new thing like technology has been introduced

Aiding Communication

• Telephone and fax machines extend communication

Spreading Communication

• This broadcasts information like news and weather reports effectively through tools like radio, television, satellites and the World Wide Web (www)

Technology-Enhanced Learning Environment

• How university students' are investigated on how they are learning by Conole et. (2008)
• Technology is now propelled and has open the opportunities to learn and help
• To make sense of combining old and new methods by the technologicaly enriched Atmosphere
• Newer learning is displayed by shaped and made easy be ease of use

Benefits of Traditional and Contemporary Technologies

• The benefits of technology has simply not been shown to be overlooked with what's been going on in the 21st Century
• There must be an era of science and technology to have innovated ourself compared to 18 years ago only

Benefits of Technology

• Housing and lifestyle becomes convenient and mechanized with easier tasks
• Travel is allowed to be faster and easier
• Communication is improved through using telephone, mobile phones, satellite, and other related calling devices
• The entertainment sector grows with music, video, and mobile games
• It's easier to promote company's products by social media's uses for business Easier
• Online education is encouraged from schools
• State of the art medicine is provided
• Time and money are saved when producing goods
• People produce creativity and innovation
• Access to information is easier

Utilization of Technology

• Industrial wastes pollutes the Environment that wastes the surrounding environment
• Environmental Hazards raise concerns when implementing the safety of our surroundings or give consequences that violate it

Promotes endless war for Power and Control

• Other weapons and nuclear warfare lead to unending battles for mass battles of power

• Biological warfare serves to safeguard poisons of fungi and bacteria to kill the people and animals

• Emerging Technologies are the tools the will soon be changing modern society

• Such aspects as being consistent and projecting and also fast growth

• They can still be unclear or uncertain during acceptance in communities

• Telephones are now combining what resource and will result

Technology Fields Emerge

• The Robotics are now emerging as all emerging technologies
• All types of fields are here that need to grow to reach potential

Understanding Social Relationships

• Students should be familiar with social relationships (family, friends, peers, teachers, community members & other members)

Prerequisites Skills

• Analyzing relationships of how behaviors & thoughts influence
• Recognize the roles in each groups
• Analyze Influence in each social interactions

Prerequisite Assessment

• Concepts all connected by all that they do

Social Relationships Introduction

• Time for what will be done
• Teacher assist's on the lessons
• After all of that, there goals achieved. 1. Social Shapes what people think 2. What role should be played?
• To have the best qualities with Excellence with you

Lesson Overview

• About how social relationships are with everyone

• Interaction: Is communication and what happens through different people

• A more people to think will form each other

• Social helps affect on what comes along with the people.

• Greatly affect what's around them

• Because of their peers

• Changes that adapts

Role and Importance of Students in Society

• Strong students will improve and society will thrive in many things to come
• It takes everybody to contribute to it

Roles In The Community

• Fulfills to what it has shown but we all have certain roles and status.
• All does what the status is set to be and all that the society expects.

The 21st Century Youth and What's Coming?

• That youth are blinded by mass media

• The ability to help serve the nation

• What's the hope of the fatherland?

• Stimulates the government in ways

• Youth shows many stands and acts of diplomacy with each of the congresses that happen

• The youth can also be the voice of other's by taking advantage of the internet and to encourage

• Not every youth are blind by the technology but the youth are still willing have change