Treehoppers and Transcription Factors Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main role of the Ubx transcription factor?

  • To control wing development in insects
  • To impart segmental identity by controlling downstream gene expression (correct)
  • To regulate body size in treehoppers
  • To initiate the metamorphosis process in flies

    • The helmets of treehoppers are considered to be paranotal expansions.

    False (B)

    What is the significance of Distal-less in the context of the helmet?

    It is a marker of appendage extremities expressed at the tip of the helmet.

    Treehoppers belong to the family ___ and are characterized by their bizarre shapes.

    <p>Membracidae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evolutionary phenomenon has limited the development of T1 dorsal appendages for over 250 million years?

    <p>Genetic constraints and selective pressures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dorsal fusion of wing serial homologs is unique to treehoppers.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their descriptions:

    <p>Ubx = Transcription factor affecting segment identity Helmet = T1 dorsal appendage that resembles wings Distal-less = Marker for appendage extremities Scr = Gene involved in appendage development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The membracid helmet is considered to be a novel T1 dorsal appendage and may be a ___ serial homolog.

    <p>wing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of cell proliferation in tissues?

    <p>It is regulated in space and time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cells in a tissue lack the ability to communicate with each other.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cells use to 'count' their divisions?

    <p>Fixed lineage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cells communicate through surface molecules, which includes the reception of diffusing __________.

    <p>ligands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of migration is associated with the lateral line primordium?

    <p>Group migration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Proliferation = Regulated growth of cells Asymmetric cell division = Unequal distribution of determinants Signal transduction = Changing gene expression in response to signals Cell determination = Inheriting information to guide development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cell cohesion is solely determined by chemical signals without any structural components.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who provided a prophetic perspective for developmental biology?

    <p>T.H. Morgan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily characterizes an evolutionary novelty?

    <p>A morphological character lacking obvious homology or qualitatively different from existing traits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All novelties in evolution are completely new structures and genes.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of proneural genes in the context of evolutionary novelty?

    <p>They determine traits such as butterfly scales and insect bristles, suggesting a common ancestry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    François Jacob compared the process of evolution to that of a ______.

    <p>tinkerer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example illustrates the idea of evolutionary tinkering?

    <p>The modification of an existing gene's regulation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Changes to one or more loci and alterations in the ______ of a protein are areas of interest for evolutionary developmental biologists.

    <p>function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to evolutionary novelty with their definitions:

    <p>Homology = Similarity based on common ancestry Tinkerer = An evolutionary process of improvisation and recombination De novo = Creation from scratch Notochord = A structure with a deep homology to an annelid muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Evolutionary tinkering happens less frequently than the creation of entirely new genes.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in the origin of new sex-specific structures?

    <p>Evolution of doublesex regulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hypothesis that wings evolved from limb branches has no supporting evidence.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What expression patterns support the hypothesis that insect wings evolved from ancestral appendages?

    <p>pdm/nubbin and apterous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of ___________ in terrestrial chelicerates indicates how ancestral structures adapted for land use.

    <p>pdm/nubbin and apterous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following structures with their functions:

    <p>Book lungs = Breathing in spiders Lateral tubular tracheae = Air transport in spiders Spinnerets = Web spinning Eyespots = Colorful wing markings in butterflies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT associated with the evolution of sex-specific traits?

    <p>Random mutations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eyespots have originated independently multiple times in the Lepidoptera.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What family of butterflies is known for displaying eyespot patterns?

    <p>Nymphalidae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the two general approaches to find the loci responsible for an evolutionary change?

    <p>Genetic mapping (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Changes in gene expression always occur at the locus of the gene.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does genetic architecture refer to?

    <p>The number of loci involved in the variation of a trait and their relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The analysis that identifies the genetic architecture underlying variation in traits is called _______.

    <p>QTL analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following methods with their descriptions:

    <p>Genetic Mapping = Exhaustive inventory of genetic changes associated with a new phenotype Association Study = Focus on comparison with already known loci GWAS = Check what alleles are associated with a trait Candidate Gene Testing = Educated guess based on knowledge of trait-regulating genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In evolutionary biology, what does 'standing genetic variation' refer to?

    <p>Existing genetic differences in a population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Evolution tends to follow the same genetic paths each time it occurs.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does one need to do to correlate phenotype and allelic variation along the genome?

    <p>Conduct QTL analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a gene battery comprised of?

    <p>A set of producer genes activated by a specific sensor gene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The genomes of simpler organisms are usually larger than those of more complex organisms.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are receptor genes linked to producer genes responsible for?

    <p>They cause transcription of the producer genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A gene whose function is the synthesis of an ______________ is termed an integrator gene.

    <p>activator RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following gene types with their descriptions:

    <p>Gene = Elementary functional unit of DNA Producer gene = Region transcribed to yield template RNA Receptor gene = DNA sequence linked to a producer gene Sensor gene = Binding site for agents inducing activity patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about repetitive DNA sequences in animal genomes?

    <p>They are broadly distributed and interspersed with producer genes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All genes in an organism are contagious on the same DNA molecule.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do activator RNAs do?

    <p>They form a sequence-specific complex with receptor genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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    Explore the fascinating world of treehoppers and the roles of transcription factors like Ubx and Distal-less in their development. This quiz covers evolutionary phenomena, unique anatomical features, and cell communication in tissues. Test your knowledge on these complex biological concepts!

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