Traumatic Brain Injury Classification
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Questions and Answers

What is the highest leading cause of TBI?

  • Unintentional falls (correct)
  • Assaults
  • Struck by/against an object
  • Traffic-related crashes

    • MVA leads to the highest fatality rates among all causes of injury.

    True

    What are two risk factors associated with motor vehicle accidents?

    Alcohol intake and Anti-social behavior

    The __________ lobe is primarily responsible for cognitive functions and intelligence.

    <p>Frontal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the risk factors to their descriptions:

    <p>Alcohol intake = Increases likelihood of accidents ADHD = Attention disorder affecting behavior Rural populations = Less access to emergency services Child abuse = Psychosocial harm during development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a psychosocial factor listed?

    <p>Child abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The falx cerebri limits the lateral movement of the brain.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one leading cause of falls.

    <p>Unintentional accidents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the caregiver provide during the interaction with the patient?

    <p>Instructions to the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients should be exposed to bright lighting during therapy sessions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary type of response observed in a patient at RLA 2?

    <p>Slight response to stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During therapy, all items such as ID laces, earrings, and _____ must be removed from the patient's body.

    <p>watches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following aspects of patient therapy with their corresponding instructions:

    <p>Loud Voice = Auditory stimulus No Distractions = Atmosphere control Hair Tied Up = Safety Documentation = Record observations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification for Mild TBI based on duration?

    <p>Less than 1 day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blast injury is not a significant problem for active combat military personnel.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of amnesia involves loss of previous memories after an accident?

    <p>Retrograde Amnesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blast injuries occur due to the direct effect of __________.

    <p>blast overpressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of injury to their descriptions.

    <p>Primary Injury = Direct effect of blast overpressure Secondary Injury = Injury from shrapnel or other projectiles Retrograde Amnesia = Loss of previous memories Anterograde Amnesia = Inability to learn new information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one cause of increased venous pressure in the brain during a blast injury?

    <p>Compression of thorax and abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An individual with PTA has difficulty learning new things.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be considered a primary environmental risk factor after a blast injury?

    <p>Physical environment of the home or workplace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    TBI is classified as severe when it lasts more than __________ days.

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a component of past medical history (PMHx) relevant for TBI assessment?

    <p>Other injuries to the same area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of injury occurs when a victim is flung backward and hits an object?

    <p>Tertiary injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quaternary injury is associated with asphyxia and exposure to toxic inhalants.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does MAP stand for in relation to vital signs?

    <p>Mean Arterial Pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient’s vital signs may show increased ___, ___, ___, and ___ after trauma.

    <p>Heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following procedures with what they can help identify:

    <p>Skull x-rays = Bone lesions/fractures Ventriculography = Tumors, increase in ICP CT Scan = Tumor, calcifications, hemorrhage, cerebral edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a lifestyle factor that may affect a patient's health?

    <p>Occupation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tertiary injuries are often associated with long-term emotional support from family members.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best indicator of perfusion in vital organs such as the brain?

    <p>Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The formula for calculating mean arterial pressure is [___ + 2 (___)] / 3.

    <p>SBP, DBP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lifestyle factors could be associated with smoking?

    <p>Alcohol intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavior is characteristic of RLA Level 4: Confused Agitated?

    <p>Hitting and yelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals at RLA Level 4 are known for their calmness and ability to follow commands consistently.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of environment should be provided to individuals exhibiting behaviors at RLA Level 4?

    <p>A low-stimulation environment with soft lights and soothing sounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients at RLA Level 4 may show increased __________ and restlessness.

    <p>agitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended when interacting with patients at RLA Level 4?

    <p>Change activities frequently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients at RLA Level 4 might experience rapid changes in emotions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided when interacting with patients at RLA Level 4?

    <p>Asking for orientation information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Behavioral responses at RLA Level 4 may include foul __________.

    <p>language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following behaviors with their descriptions:

    <p>Hitting = Aggressive behavior often exhibited Confabulation = Making up stories Restlessness = Inability to stay still Decreased arousal = Lower responsiveness to stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT advised for patients at RLA Level 4?

    <p>Force structured activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Vehicle Manufacturing and Injuries

    • Vehicle manufacturing today allows for limited antero-posterior movement due to superior cerebral vein attachments and lateral gliding restricted by the falx cerebri.

    Leading Causes of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

    • Unintentional falls are the primary cause, especially among the elderly and children.
    • Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVAs) rank second, particularly among young adults.
    • Fatalities from MVAs are significantly influenced by alcohol intake and various risk factors like ADHD, anti-social behavior, firearm use, and lower socioeconomic status.
    • Struck by an object incidents occur frequently in sports and assaults.

    Brain Lobes and Their Functions

    • Frontal Lobe: Responsible for intelligence and cognitive functions such as judgment, long-term memory, critical thinking, calculations, communication, and personality development.
    • Also involved in planning, programming, and execution of motor movements.

    Classification of TBI

    • Mild TBI: Duration of symptoms less than 1 day.
    • Moderate TBI: Symptoms lasting more than 1 day but less than 7 days.
    • Severe TBI: Symptoms persist for more than 7 days.

    Blast Injury

    • Significant concern in military contexts due to frequent exposure to explosives, leading to unique injury mechanisms.
    • Includes primary injuries from direct blast overpressure and secondary injuries from shrapnel or flying debris.
    • Tertiary injuries occur when victims are thrown against objects, and quaternary injuries stem from asphyxia and toxic inhalant exposure.

    Memory Loss Types

    • Retrograde Amnesia: Loss of prior memories occurring after an accident.
    • Anterograde Amnesia: Inability to learn new information post-injury.

    Ancillary Procedures Post-TBI

    • Skull X-rays to identify fractures or lesions.
    • CT Scans for tumors, hemorrhage, and cerebral edema.
    • Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) calculated to assess perfusion efficiency for vital organs.

    Patient Assessment and Examination

    • Vital signs may show increased readings indicating potential dysautonomia.
    • Assessments focus on responsiveness, capacity to follow commands, and observable cognition levels.

    Rehabilitation and Care Approaches

    • Engage caregivers to help with patient instruction and to create familiarity during treatment.
    • Recommended to keep stimulation low, avoid overwhelming sensory input, and structure activities to reduce agitation.
    • Emotions and behaviors can be unpredictable, thus requiring gentle and adaptive approaches to therapy.

    Documentation

    • Accurate documentation of patient responses and treatment progress is essential, especially under conditions of agitation or confusion.
    • Regular assessment of range of motion and responsiveness is critical, as varying levels of arousal can influence care insights.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the classification of traumatic brain injuries based on their severity and causes, including specific vascular impacts on the brain. Participants will analyze mild, moderate, and severe TBI classifications, as well as contributing factors like systemic hypotension and anoxia.

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