Trauma-Informed Youth Justice Overview

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Questions and Answers

Desmond Tutu's quote emphasizes that significant global impact is primarily achieved through what means?

  • Radical systemic overhauls executed by influential leaders.
  • The accumulation of small, individual acts of kindness and goodwill. (correct)
  • Strategic philanthropic investments in struggling communities.
  • Large-scale, coordinated international efforts.

According to the provided information, trauma can only be a result of experiencing wrongdoing.

False (B)

In the context of trauma as defined, what characteristic qualifies an event as traumatic?

overwhelming

According to the definition provided, trauma is classified as a deeply ______ or disturbing experience.

<p>distressing</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a youth commits an offense due to past trauma, which approach aligns with a trauma-informed perspective?

<p>Providing therapeutic interventions and support to address the underlying trauma. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST comprehensive definition of 'peace' within the context of youth justice?

<p>Communities actively working to end all forms of violence and ensure belonging for young people. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Trauma-informed approaches in youth justice prioritize punishment over understanding the root causes of a young person's behavior.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between critical thinking and reasoned decisions?

<p>Critical thinking allows for decisions that are reasoned and thoroughly thought out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The youth justice value of ______ emphasizes the importance of including all voices, especially those from marginalized communities.

<p>participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the cybercrime with its description:

<p>Sexual Exploitation (Cyber) = Abuse of a position of trust to encourage a minor into sexual contact. Invitation to sexual touching = Soliciting a minor for sexual contact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential negative impact of social media use on teenagers?

<p>Exposure to unrealistic views of other people's lives and FOMO (fear of missing out). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST describes a holistic approach to addressing crime?

<p>Addressing the underlying social, economic, and psychological factors that contribute to crime. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to research, empathy levels in college students have generally increased over the last 30 years.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Howard Zehr, what primarily determines whether an experience, such as imprisonment, leads to trauma?

<p>The individual's subjective experience of the event. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A youth justice system focused primarily on punishment is believed to reduce trauma and lower reoffending rates among young offenders by Oudshoorn.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to recent studies, witnessing violence during childhood has a long-term negative impact on a child’s ________ and their cognitive development.

<p>brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

In trauma-informed youth justice, what is the primary focus when addressing harmful behaviors?

<p>Understanding what contributed to the young person's choices. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In restorative justice, why does a person face consequences for their actions?

<p>because they have caused harm to people and relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a collective or intergenerational trauma that can affect young people?

<p>Colonization of Indigenous peoples by settler society. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Experiences within the Criminal Justice System (CJS) can never traumatize young people because it's designed to deliver justice, not inflict harm.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each approach with its corresponding focus in youth justice:

<p>Punitive approach = Emphasizes consequences and punishment for wrongdoing. Trauma-informed approach = Focuses on understanding the underlying trauma contributing to the offense. Restorative Justice = Prioritizes repairing harm to people and relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical outcome for victims of crime within the current justice system, according to the information?

<p>They are often left largely unsatisfied. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

List three common challenges young people face due to trauma.

<p>mental health, substance abuse, relational challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to research, what is a potential consequence of teens posting intimate photos or highly personal stories on social media?

<p>Bullying, harassment, or blackmail. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Passive social media use, such as only viewing others' photos, has been linked to increased life satisfaction in older adolescents.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two specific social media behaviors or tendencies that have been linked to depressive symptoms in teens?

<p>Social comparison and feedback seeking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study on Instagram use among undergrad students found correlations with escapism, frustration, fear of missing out, _______, anxiety, and addiction.

<p>validation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts related to social media use with their descriptions:

<p>Social Comparison = Evaluating oneself by comparing to others' profiles. Feedback Seeking = Desire for likes and comments for social acceptance. Escapism = Using social media to avoid real-life problems. Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) = Anxiety that others are having more rewarding experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the study of over 450 teens reveal about the relationship between social media use and mental health?

<p>Greater social media usage, late-night use, and emotional investment were linked with worse sleep quality and higher levels of anxiety and depression. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adolescents who spend more time going out with friends are more likely to believe that others are happier than they are.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the KPU & UFV study, identify one cause of 'frustration' stemming from instagram Use.

<p>inaccurate portrayals</p> Signup and view all the answers

All young people want social _______, and this is sought from social media networking sites, such as TikTok and/or Instagram with the number of likes and followers

<p>acceptance</p> Signup and view all the answers

A study of more than 12,000 13 to 16-year-olds in England found that using social media more than how many times per day predicted poor mental health?

<p>Three times per day (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Trauma

A deeply distressing or disturbing experience.

Trauma Sources

Events that can lead to trauma, such as incidents or ongoing incidents.

Wrongdoing and Trauma

Trauma can lead individuals to commit wrongful acts.

Out-of-ordinary Events

Experiences perceived as overwhelming that can cause trauma.

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Collective Good

Little acts of kindness that, together, create significant impact.

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Impact of Trauma

Trauma impacts young people's mental health, leading to substance abuse and relational challenges.

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Youth Offenders

A significant percentage of youth offenders have experienced trauma, including violence, neglect, and abuse.

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Negative Outcomes

Childhood exposure to violence correlates with long-term mental health issues and delinquent behavior.

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Trauma-Informed Justice

An approach that holds youth accountable while understanding their trauma and its effects.

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Consequences in RJ

In Restorative Justice (RJ), consequences come from acknowledging harm rather than just legal breaches.

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Collective Trauma

Traumas affecting groups, such as colonization and systemic violence, that impact individuals and communities.

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Reoffending Factors

Contact with the justice system can contribute to future reoffending more than preventing crime.

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Cognitive Development

Seeing violence during childhood can negatively impact brain development.

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Healing and Accountability

Real accountability means addressing past traumas while holding young offenders responsible.

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Critical Thinking

Reasoned and well thought out process in decision making.

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Human Dignity

The value of making healthy and respectful choices for all individuals.

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Participatory Justice

A justice system that actively engages all voices, especially marginalized ones.

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Concept of Peace

Peace is more than absence of conflict; it involves active efforts to end violence.

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Holistic Approach to Crime

Addressing crime through understanding context and multiple factors involved.

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Empathy in Education

Ability to understand and share feelings; can be fostered through programs.

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Impact of Cyber Crime

Increasing reliance on computers has facilitated various types of crime.

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Effects of Social Media

Social media can negatively influence teens through distractions and pressures.

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Social Media Use and Mental Health

Excessive social media use can lead to mental health issues like anxiety and depression in teens.

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High Usage Risks

Teens using social media over three hours daily report increased mental health risks.

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Sleep Quality and Social Media

Late-night social media use is linked to poorer sleep quality and increased anxiety.

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Passive vs. Active Use

Older adolescents who passively use social media tend to feel less satisfied than those who actively engage.

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Social Comparison

Teens experience depressive symptoms when comparing themselves to others on social media.

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Escapism

Teens may use social media as a form of escapism from reality and stress.

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Fear of Missing Out (FOMO)

FOMO is prevalent among frequent social media users, leading to anxiety and dissatisfaction.

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Validation from Social Media

Teens seek validation through likes and comments, impacting their self-esteem and emotional state.

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Impulsivity in Sharing

Teens’ impulsive behavior leads to sharing personal content online, risking privacy and safety.

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Negative Outcomes from Instagram

Instagram use correlates with negative psychological effects such as anxiety and frustration.

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Study Notes

Desmond Tutu Quote

  • "Do your little bit of good where you are; it's those little bits of good put together that overwhelm the world." - Desmond Tutu

Trauma-Informed Youth Justice

  • Trauma is defined as a deeply distressing or disturbing experience, any out-of-ordinary event experienced as overwhelming.
  • Trauma has two parts: an incident or ongoing incidents and an individual's experience of it (determines whether a person is traumatized).
  • It's shocking, terrifying, and devastating, different from stress, resulting in feelings of upset, terror, shame, helplessness, and powerlessness.
  • Trauma can lead to wrongdoing, and wrongdoing can lead to more trauma.
  • Punishment can lead to trauma that can result in more wrongdoing.
  • Up to 90% of young offenders have experienced some form of trauma in their childhood.
  • Types of trauma include: domestic violence, neglect, poverty, sexual abuse, and colonization (in the case of Indigenous peoples).
  • Young people struggling with overwhelming experiences often have mental health, substance abuse, and relational challenges leading to conflict with the law.
  • Contact with the justice system can contribute more to future youth reoffending than discourage crime.
  • A youth justice system based on punishment adds trauma.
  • Seeing violence has a long-term negative impact on a child's brain and cognitive development.
  • Exposure to violence during childhood is significantly correlated with negative outcomes like mental health issues and delinquent/criminal behavior.
  • Trauma-informed youth justice doesn't eliminate consequences but asks what contributed to the choices made by the youth.
  • Meaningful consequences for young offenders involve acknowledging the harm committed while supporting them through their challenges.
  • An individual in restorative justice isn't punished for breaking the law, but for causing harm to people and relationships.
  • A majority of young people who commit crimes do so because of trauma in their lives.

How Trauma Happens

  • Understanding how trauma affects people is crucial.
  • Trauma affects the brain, attachment, shame, and identity.
  • Many traumas are collective, intergenerational, including colonization of Indigenous peoples, male violence, and domestic/sexual abuse.
  • Many young people are traumatized by their experiences within the legal system, and this can lead them to reoffend.
  • Victims of crime don't always feel satisfied with the current system.

Core Values for Trauma-Informed Youth Justice

  • 6 Core Values: Critical thinking, human dignity, participation, peace, being who you are, and a holistic approach to addressing crime.

Empathy

  • Do all people have empathy, and can it be taught?
  • Some research indicates a decrease in empathy and a rise in narcissism among college students over the last 30 years.
  • Some programs, like 'Roots of Empathy,' have seen a decrease in aggressive behavior and an increase in prosocial behavior in students.

Impact of Cybercrime on Young People

  • Cybercrimes include sexual exploitation, encouragement of or invitations to sexual acts.

Impact of Social Media Use on Teens

  • Social media use can negatively affect young people with distractions, sleep disruption, procrastination, online escapism, bullying, rumor spreading and unrealistic views of other people's lives (FOMO), and peer pressure.
  • Studies show a link between three hours a day of social media use and a heightened risk of mental health issues.
  • Another study found a connection between increased social media use and lower levels of anxiety.

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