Standardized Ortho Tests

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Questions and Answers

What indicates a positive result in the Froments test?

Diminished pulse in the radial artery

Client exhibits pain in the wrist

Client cannot hold paper (correct)

Client can hold paper firmly

In the context of the Allen test, what does a diminished blood flow indicate?

Rupture of the Bicep tendon

Tendonitis in the wrist extensors

Integrity of the Ulnar and Radial arteries (correct)

Integrity of the Bicep tendon

During which test would a client exhibit pain and paresthesia while performing fist movements?

Wrist Extension Ligament Stress Test

Roos Test (correct)

Halstead's Maneuver

Eden Test

What physical maneuver is performed during Halstead's Maneuver?

Client hyperextends neck while rotating to the unaffected side Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a positive sign during the Travell's Variation of Adson's test?

Diminished or disappearing pulse Signup and view all the answers

What is the positive sign for McMurray's test when testing for medial or lateral menisci issues?

Pain at lateral or medial aspect Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication for the Apley's Compression test?

Meniscus damage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tests is used to assess for posterior cruciate ligament damage?

Posterior Drawer Test Signup and view all the answers

What is observed in the positive sign during Lachman's Test?

Excessive movement or laxity Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is indicated by a positive Homan's Sign?

Deep vein thrombophlebitis Signup and view all the answers

What is a positive sign of Thompson's Test when assessing for an Achilles tendon rupture?

Absence of plantarflexion during squeeze Signup and view all the answers

Which knee position is used for the Anterior Drawer Test to assess ACL sprain?

90-degree knee flexion with foot flat Signup and view all the answers

During which movement does the RMT perform the Apley's Compression test?

Rotation of the ankle while pushing knee down Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical area is indicated when the positive sign of the Posterior 'SAG' Sign is observed?

Dent between the femur and tibia Signup and view all the answers

What common misconception might lead someone to misinterpret the Posterior Drawer Test results?

Assuming all knee pain indicates ligament damage Signup and view all the answers

What positive sign indicates a rupture of the Transverse Humeral Ligament during testing?

Popping sound as the ligament moves out of groove Signup and view all the answers

During the ULT Test for the radial nerve, what position is the arm in?

110-degree shoulder abduction and fully pronated forearm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary positive sign for diagnosing bicipital tendonitis?

Pain upon palpation of the tendon Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is assessed using the Upper Limb Tension Test #4?

Ulnar Nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct action during the ULTT for median nerve compression?

Extend the fingers after wrist flexion Signup and view all the answers

What clinical indication is associated with a positive sign of numbness and tingling in the fingers during median nerve testing?

Median Nerve Compression Signup and view all the answers

What action is performed to check for median, musculocutaneous, or axillary nerve compression during the ULTT #2?

Abduct the shoulder and extend the wrist and fingers Signup and view all the answers

Which sign suggests a positive result for tests assessing ulnar nerve compression?

Paresthesia of the Pinky Signup and view all the answers

What is the positive sign for the Valgus Test, indicating Medial Collateral Ligament instability?

PAIN in MCL Signup and view all the answers

What does the Finkelstein test indicate if a positive sign is observed?

Quervain's Tenosynovitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate position of the client's arm during the Extensor Tendinosis Test (Cozen's)?

Elbow flexed 90-degrees, wrist pronated Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used to assess for Common Flexor Tendinosis?

Flexor Tendinosis Test Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is checked during the Tinel's Sign test?

Paresthesia Signup and view all the answers

During which test does the RMT resist wrist extension with the client's hand clenched?

Extensor Tendinosis Test (Cozen's) Signup and view all the answers

In the Varus Test, where does the RMT place their hand to test for Lateral Collateral Ligament issues?

On the lateral side of the elbow Signup and view all the answers

What is the positive sign for the Mills Test, indicating tendonitis of the Common Extensor Tendon?

PAIN local to the Common Extensor Tendon Signup and view all the answers

What action triggers PAIN in the Reverse Mills Test?

Wrist extension with elbow flexed Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive sign indicate during the Flexor Tendinosis Test?

PAIN and weakness in Common Flexor Tendon Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the Painful Arc Test?

Supraspinatus Tendonitis Signup and view all the answers

During the Supraspinatus Test, what posture should the client be in when resistance is applied?

Arms in neutral position with thumbs pointing up Signup and view all the answers

What is the positive sign observed in the Hawkins – Kennedy test?

Pain during internal rotation Signup and view all the answers

In the Drop Arm Test, what should happen if the Supraspinatus is compromised?

The arm will drop or be unable to adduct slowly Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive sign for Speed's Test indicate?

Pain at the bicep tendon origin Signup and view all the answers

What action should a client perform during Ludington's Test?

Place hands at the back of their head Signup and view all the answers

What is the main indication for the Yeargason's test?

Integrity of the bicipital groove Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a positive sign during the Neer Impingement test?

Pain in the Acromion area Signup and view all the answers

What is expected from a client during the initial assessment for the Drop Arm Test?

Client's arms are held in 90 degrees of abduction Signup and view all the answers

During the Hawkins – Kennedy test, what position should the client's elbow and shoulder be in?

Elbow flexed to 90 degrees, shoulder flexed to 90 degrees Signup and view all the answers

What is a common positive sign for Allen's Test when assessing Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?

Diminished pulse Signup and view all the answers

Which maneuver is performed during Phalen's test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

Client compresses back of hands together Signup and view all the answers

During Adson's Test, what action must the patient perform while the radial pulse is being palpated?

Elevate the chin while rotating head to the same side Signup and view all the answers

What is the main indication for conducting the Cyriax Phalen's test?

Symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What does the positive sign of pain in the fingers during Reverse Phalen's test indicate?

Presence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What movement is observed during the Babinski test for adults?

Extension of toes Signup and view all the answers

What does excessive movement of the talus during the Anterior Drawer Test indicate?

Rupture of the talofibular ligament Signup and view all the answers

What positive sign is noted in the Anterior Talofibular Ligamentous Stress Test?

Pain and excessive movement Signup and view all the answers

In the Deltoid Ligamentous Stress Test, what condition is indicated by pain during the test?

Deltoid Ligament Sprain Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is primarily assessed during the Talar Tilt Test?

Calcaneofibular ligament Signup and view all the answers

During the anterior drawer test, what specific anatomical action is performed with the hammer tool?

Slide from heel to toe Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected positive sign in the Talar Tilt Test when assessing for ligament sprains?

Pain or excessive movement Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated when pulling the foot from abduction to adduction in a supine position?

Ligamentous instability Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive Trendelenburg's Sign indicate?

Weak gluteus medius Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used to assess for tightness of the IT band?

Ober's Test Signup and view all the answers

What is the positive sign observed in the Straight Leg Raise test for sacroiliac joint dysfunction?

Pain in the posterior thigh Signup and view all the answers

In which position does the client start for the Valsalva test?

Seated Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication of Kernig's test?

Meningeal or dural irritation Signup and view all the answers

Which test assesses for appendicitis based on pain response?

Rebound Tenderness Signup and view all the answers

What symptom indicates a positive sign during the Waldron Test?

Crepitus Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected positive sign for the Well-Leg Raise (Fajerztajn's Test)?

Pain in the opposite leg Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive result in Ober's Modified Test typically indicate?

Iliotibial band contracture Signup and view all the answers

Which test indicates possible facet joint irritation based on pain response?

Kemps Test Signup and view all the answers

What outcome signifies a positive result in McConnel's Test for patellofemoral syndrome?

Pain decreases when a resistance is applied. Signup and view all the answers

During Clarke's Test, what reaction is noted from the client that indicates a potential issue?

Pain or inability to hold the contraction. Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a positive sign during the Sulcus Sign test?

Presence of a dent or sulcus in the shoulder Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for performing the Patellar Apprehension Test?

Patellar dislocation laterally. Signup and view all the answers

During which test would a client exhibit apprehension or pain when their shoulder is abducted and laterally rotated?

Anterior Apprehension Test Signup and view all the answers

In Apley's Distraction Test, what is the expected motion that leads to a positive sign?

Pulling the knee while rotating the foot. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for performing the Jerk Test?

Posterior Shoulder instability Signup and view all the answers

What does pain or excessive movement during the A/C Shear test indicate?

G/H Joint Pathology Signup and view all the answers

For which ligament is the Varus Stress Test specifically assessing integrity?

Lateral collateral ligament. Signup and view all the answers

Which positive sign is associated with the Clunk Test while testing for labral tears?

Grinding or clunk sound Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a positive sign during the Valgus Stress Test?

Pain on medial ligament involvement. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Braggard's Test primarily assess?

Medial meniscus injury. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Jackson's test, what indicates a positive result?

Numbness or pain radiating to the arm on the same side Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism of injury does the Apley's Compression Test primarily examine?

Meniscus tear. Signup and view all the answers

Which maneuver assesses for G/H joint pathology through the ability to touch hands behind the back?

Apley's Scratch Test Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is assessed during the Anterior Apprehension Test?

Pain upon shoulder movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected client response in a positive Valgus Stress Test?

Pain at the medial knee. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of patellofemoral syndrome, how does the McConnel's Test determine the impact of resistance?

It identifies levels of discomfort at various angles. Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a lack of stability in the shoulder when performing the Shoulder Shrug maneuver?

Sudden shoulder drop Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary result that indicates facet joint irritation during cervical distraction?

Reduction in pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary position of the client's shoulder during Adson's Test?

Abducted to 180 degrees Signup and view all the answers

Which test involves the client placing the back of their hands together for one minute?

Phalen's Test Signup and view all the answers

In which test does the client elevate their chin while holding their breath?

Adson's Test Signup and view all the answers

What positive sign is specifically indicated during the Cyriax Phalen's Test?

Reduction of pain Signup and view all the answers

Which positive sign is observed during both Wright's Hyperabduction and Costoclavicular Syndrome tests?

Diminished or disappeared pulse Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a positive sign during the Supine to Sit test?

Altered limb length based on positioning Signup and view all the answers

Which test aims to assess sacroiliac ligament sprain through cross arm pressure?

Gapping Signup and view all the answers

What is a positive sign of the Yeoman test?

Pain in the sacroiliac region Signup and view all the answers

What does the Faber test primarily assess?

Sacroiliac joint dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates a sacroiliac ligament sprain during the Squish test?

Reports of gluteal or posterior leg pain Signup and view all the answers

What primary test is performed to check for sacroiliac joint integrity through movement?

Rocking Signup and view all the answers

Which examination technique employs hip extension while testing for nerve root compression?

Yeoman Signup and view all the answers

What does early leathery feel during the Hip Quadrant 'Scouring' test indicate?

Osteophyte formation or capsular tightness Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is specifically indicated by the Roos test?

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

During which test is the client instructed to check their radial pulse after completing specific shoulder movements?

Halstead's Maneuver Signup and view all the answers

What positive sign is observed when testing for an Ulnar Nerve Lesion using the Froments test?

Unable to hold paper Signup and view all the answers

Which test requires the client to perform arm movements while a pulse is palpated?

Travell's Variation of Adson's Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication for performing the Jackson's Test?

Nerve Root Compression Signup and view all the answers

What is a common positive sign for Eden's test when assessing Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?

Paresthesia in Fingers Signup and view all the answers

During which test would a positive sign be indicated by a sulcus formation between the acromion and head of the humerus?

Sulcus Sign Signup and view all the answers

During the Allen test, what is the initial action taken by the client to assess blood flow?

Clench and Open Hand Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a grinding or clunk sound during the Clunk Test?

Glenoid Labrum Tear Signup and view all the answers

What maneuver involves the client performing shoulder depression and retraction while the RMT palpates for pulse?

Eden's Test Signup and view all the answers

What is the position of the client during the Roos test?

Standing with Arms Abducted Signup and view all the answers

Which test assesses difficulty in touching hands behind the back to indicate G/H joint pathology?

Apley's Scratch Test Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive response of pain or apprehension during the Anterior Apprehension Test indicate?

Dislocation of GH Joint Signup and view all the answers

Which test specifically assesses the integrity of the Ulnar and Radial arteries in the hand?

Allen Test Signup and view all the answers

Which test has a positive sign characterized by a sudden jerking movement of the client due to pain?

Jerk Test Signup and view all the answers

What action is performed during the Halstead's Maneuver to assess Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?

Client Hyperextends Neck Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates the presence of facet joint irritation according to the cervical distraction method?

Relief of pain and neurological symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism does the A/C Shear Test employ to assess joint health?

Wrapping hands around the shoulder and compressing Signup and view all the answers

In which position is the patient during the Sulcus Sign assessment?

Seated with shoulders relaxed Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of testing with the GH Group Test?

GH Joint Pathology Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a positive sign during the Reverse Mills test?

Pain in the Common Flexor Tendon Signup and view all the answers

During the Finkelstein test, what is the client's hand position prior to performing radial deviation?

Clenched with thumb tucked into fingers Signup and view all the answers

What is the positive sign observed during the Extensor Tendinosis Test (Cozen's)?

Pain at the common extensor tendon Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct action performed by the RMT during the Valgus Test?

Push laterally at the elbow while holding the forearm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the hand positions during the Flexor Tendinosis Test?

Wrist is supinated and fingers are clenched Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does the Tinel's Sign test primarily assess?

Nerve compression or neuroma Signup and view all the answers

What action does the RMT perform while testing for Common Extensor Tendinosis?

Resist wrist extension while hand is clenched Signup and view all the answers

During the Varus Test for Lateral Collateral Ligament assessment, which direction does the RMT apply pressure?

Laterally away from the elbow Signup and view all the answers

What typical symptom is associated with a positive sign in the Mills test?

Pain local to the Common Extensor Tendon Signup and view all the answers

What signifies a positive result during the assessment of Quervain's Tenosynovitis using the Finkelstein test?

Pain on the lateral side of the wrist Signup and view all the answers

What signifies a positive result during Clarke's Test?

Pain or crepitus at the knee Signup and view all the answers

During which test is the leg positioned in full extension while resistance is applied?

Clarke's Test Signup and view all the answers

What is a positive indication for the Varus Stress Test?

Pain on the lateral side of the knee Signup and view all the answers

What must the RMT do to perform the Apley's Distraction Test correctly?

Pull the knee while rotating the ankle Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical area is assessed during the Braggards Test?

Medial meniscus Signup and view all the answers

Which test specifically indicates a potential patellar dislocation?

Patellar Apprehension Test Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper knee flexion angle for the Valgus Stress Test?

20-30 degrees Signup and view all the answers

In the context of a knee ligament injury, what does a positive sign during the Apley's Distraction Test indicate?

Pain during movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication for Tinel's Sign?

Nerve compression Signup and view all the answers

What positive sign would indicate a successful Morton's Neuroma Test?

Sharp pain at the site of the neuroma Signup and view all the answers

During the Vertebral Artery Tension Test, which of the following would indicate a positive sign?

Eyes fluttering or nystagmus Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive sign in the Three Knuckle Test reflect?

TMJ dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by pain during the Scalene Cramp Test?

Anterior scalene muscle trigger point Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive sign in the Spurling's Test suggest?

Facet joint irritation or nerve root compression Signup and view all the answers

What symptoms would most likely indicate a positive result in the Cervical Compression Test?

Localized pain in the neck with arm numbness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Scalene Relief maneuver?

Bringing the elbow to the forehead and elevating the shoulder Signup and view all the answers

What positive sign is expected during the Swallowing Test for SCM muscle trigger point?

Pain in trigger point patterns Signup and view all the answers

What positive sign would result from squeezing the foot in the Morton's Neuroma Test?

Sharp pain at the neuroma location Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the Reverse Mills test?

Tendonitis of the Common Flexor Tendon Signup and view all the answers

In the Varus test, where should the RMT place their hands to assess Lateral Collateral Ligament instability?

Lateral elbow and medial forearm Signup and view all the answers

What positive sign is associated with the Extensor Tendinosis Test (Cozen's)?

PAIN at the common extensor tendon Signup and view all the answers

During the Finkelstein test, what action do clients perform to indicate Quervain's Tenosynovitis?

Clenching their fist with thumb inside Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of performing the Mills test for tendonitis of the Common Extensor Tendon?

PAIN local to the Common Extensor Tendon Signup and view all the answers

What is a common positive sign noted during the Tinel's Sign test?

Paresthesia in the fingers Signup and view all the answers

What action signifies a positive sign during the Flexor Tendinosis Test?

PAIN and weakness in the Common Flexor Tendon Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is assessed using the Valgus test for medial instability?

Medial Collateral Ligament Instability Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by pain occurring at 70 degrees abduction during the Painful Arc Test?

Supraspinatus Tendonitis Signup and view all the answers

During the Hawkins-Kennedy test, the positive sign for shoulder pain occurs primarily due to which motion?

Internal rotation of the shoulder Signup and view all the answers

What specific joint action does the RMT resist during the Flexor Tendinosis Test?

Wrist extension Signup and view all the answers

In the Neer Impingement test, pain in which area indicates a positive sign?

Acromion area Signup and view all the answers

What is the key indication for the Cozen's test?

Common Extensor Tendinosis Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive sign of arm dropping or inability to adduct slowly indicate in the Drop Arm Test?

Supraspinatus integrity issue Signup and view all the answers

What is assessed during Ludington's Test when the client is unable to contract the bicep?

Bicep tendon rupture Signup and view all the answers

During Speed's Test, pain at which specific location indicates bicep tendonitis?

Bicep origin Signup and view all the answers

What action accompanies the Adson's Test to evaluate Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?

Signup and view all the answers

What result is indicative of a weakness during the Supraspinatus Test?

Inability to perform shoulder abduction Signup and view all the answers

During Yeargason's Test, the indication of pain suggests which condition?

Bicep tendonitis Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Supraspinatus Group tests, what is a significant symptom during the Drop Arm Test?

Gradual dropping of the arm Signup and view all the answers

What is the main aim of the Neer Impingement test?

To detect overuse injuries of the supraspinatus Signup and view all the answers

What common positive sign is associated with Wright's Hyperabduction test?

Diminished or disappeared pulse Signup and view all the answers

During which test should the client hold their head rotated to the same side while taking a deep breath?

Adson's Test Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for performing the Cyriax Phalen's test?

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What position should the client be in when performing Reverse Phalen's Test?

Hands in a prayer position Signup and view all the answers

What action is taken by the RMT during the Costoclavicular Syndrome assessment?

Depressing and retracting the scapula Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Transverse Humeral Ligament Test (Booth or Marvel Test)

Tests for Transverse Humeral Ligament Rupture.
Positive sign indicates popping or ligament displacing from the groove.
Ligament located in bicipital groove.

Lipman Test

Assesses Bicipital Tendonitis.
Positive sign is pain during testing.
Involves palpating and tracking the bicipital tendon movement.

Upper Limb Tension Tests (ULTT)

ULTT #3: Checks for Radial Nerve; positive sign is paresthesia in the thumb and ring finger.
ULTT #4: Evaluates Ulnar Nerve; positive sign is paresthesia in the pinky.
ULTT #1: Tests for Median Nerve Compression (C5, C6); positive sign includes numbness and tingling in fingers.
ULTT #2: Checks for Median, Mucocutaneous, Axillary Nerve Compression; likewise results in numbness and tingling.

Supraspinatus Group

Painful Arc Test: Identifies Supraspinatus Tendonitis; positive sign is pain at 70 degrees abduction with relief at 130 degrees.
Supraspinatus Test: Indicates tear/lesion of supraspinatus; positive sign is pain and weakness during resistance.
Hawkins-Kennedy Test: Assesses for Supraspinatus Tendonitis; positive sign is pain during internal rotation.
Drop Arm Test: Evaluates supraspinatus integrity; positive sign is pain or inability to control adduction.
Neer Impingement Test: Tests for Supraspinatus Tendonitis (overuse); positive sign is pain by acromion area.

Bicep Group

Yeargason's Test: Examines for Bicep Tendonitis; positive sign is pain and popping of tendon.
Ludington's Test: Indicates Bicep Tendon Rupture; positive sign is inability to contract bicep.
Speed's Test: Tests for Bicep Tendonitis; positive sign is pain at tendon origin.

Collateral Ligament Tests

Valgus Test: Assesses Medial Collateral Ligament Instability; positive sign is pain in MCL.
Varus Test: Evaluates Lateral Collateral Ligament; positive sign is pain in LCL.

Forearm & Wrist Tests

Mills Test: Indicates tendonitis of common extensor tendon; positive sign is localized pain.
Reverse Mills Test: Tests for tendonitis of common flexor tendon; positive sign is localized pain.
Cozen's Test: Assesses for common extensor tendinosis; positive sign is pain at the common extensor tendon.
Flexor Tendinosis Test: Evaluates common flexor tendinosis; positive sign includes pain and weakness.
Finkelstein's Test: Screens for Quervain's Tenosynovitis; positive sign is pain at the lateral wrist.
Tinel's Sign: Tests for neuroma or nerve compression; positive sign is paresthesia.

Knee Tests

McMurray's Test: Checks for medial or lateral meniscus issues; positive sign is pain during rotation.
Apley's Compression Test: Assesses for meniscus damage; positive sign is pain on medial/lateral ligaments.
Posterior Drawer Test: Evaluates Posterior Cruciate Ligament laxity; positive sign is dent between femur and tibia.
Anterior Drawer Test: Tests for ACL sprain; positive sign includes excessive movement.
Lachman's Test: Indicates damage to ACL; positive sign is excessive movement or laxity.

Other Tests

Homan's Sign: Evaluates for Deep Vein Thrombophlebitis; positive sign is pain deep in calf.
Thompson's Test: Tests for Achilles tendon rupture; positive sign is absence of plantarflexion during squeeze.
Rockwood Test: Assesses anterior shoulder instability; positive sign includes pain in both shoulders.
Allen Test: Evaluates integrity of ulnar and radial arteries; positive sign is diminished or slow blood flow.
Froment's Sign: Tests for Ulnar Nerve Lesion; positive sign is inability to hold paper.

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) Tests

Roos Test: Assesses TOS (general); positive sign includes pain, paresthesia, and inability to open/close hands.
Halstead's Maneuver: Tests for TOS; positive sign is diminished/disappeared pulse.
Eden Test: Evaluates TOS Rib; positive sign is disappearing pulse with scapula depression.
Travell's Variation of Adson's Test: Tests for TOS of Middle Scalene; positive sign is diminished/disappeared pulse while breathing.

Neurological and Orthopedic Tests

Babinski Test: Indicates central nervous system lesions; positive sign for adults is extension of toes, while in infants, it is flexion.
Anterior Drawer Test: Assesses potential rupture of the talofibular ligament; positive sign is excessive movement of the talus.
Anterior Talofibular Ligamentous Stress Test: Checks for talofibular ligament sprain; positive sign includes local pain and excessive movement.
Deltoid Ligamentous Stress Test: Evaluates for deltoid ligament sprain; positive signs are either pain or excessive movement during plantarflexion, inversion, and adduction.
Talar Tilt Test (Inversion Stress Test): Used to assess ligament sprains; positive signs are pain or excessive movement.
Trendelenburg's Sign: Indicates weakness in the gluteus medius; positive sign is the pelvis on the unsupported side either staying level or dropping.

Tests for Lower Back and Hip Conditions

Ober's Test: Tests for iliotibial band contracture; the positive sign indicates inability to bring the leg down smoothly when abducted.
Straight Leg Raise: Assesses potential sciatic pain or hamstring contracture; positive sign includes pain at 70-degree flexion of the hip.
Well-Leg Raise (Fajersztajn's Test): Indicates possible disc herniation; positive sign is pain elicited.
Rebound Tenderness: Evaluates for appendicitis; positive sign includes severe pain upon release after downward pressure on the abdomen.
Valsalva Test: Indicates possible disc herniation; positive sign is pain during the maneuver.

Knee Tests and Ligament Injuries

Kemps Test: Assesses facet joint irritation; positive sign is radiating pain.
Apley's Distraction Test: Evaluates MCL and LCL knee injuries; positive sign is pain during movement.
Varus Stress Test: Tests lateral ligaments (LCL) integrity; positive sign includes pain at the ligament during medial push.
Valgus Stress Test: Assesses integrity of medial ligaments (MCL); positive sign includes pain during lateral push.
Braggard's Test: Indicates medial meniscus injury; positive sign includes pain on medial aspect of the knee.

Shoulder and Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Tests

Sulcus Sign: Indicates inferior instability of the glenohumeral joint; positive sign is depression (sulcus) between acromion and humeral head.
Clunk Test (Labral Test): Evaluates for glenoid labrum tear; positive sign includes a grinding noise or clunk.
Anterior Apprehension Test: Tests for dislocation or subluxation of the glenohumeral joint; positive sign is apprehension or pain during lateral rotation.
Wright's Hyperabduction Test: Assesses thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS); positive sign is a diminished or absent pulse upon shoulder abduction.
Adson's Test: Identifies TOS; positive sign is loss of radial pulse during head rotation towards the side being tested.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Assessments

Phalen's Test: Indicates carpal tunnel syndrome; positive sign is pain or numbness in specific fingers when holding wrists in flexion for one minute.
Reverse Phalen's Test: Assesses for carpal tunnel syndrome; positive sign is pain or numbness when positioning hands in a prayer-like gesture.
Cyriax Phalen's Test: Provides a reduction of pain; indicative of carpal tunnel syndrome when transitioning from flexed wrists to wrist extension.

Lower Body SOTs

Supine to Sit Test (Rattray pg. 1097): Assesses anterior or posterior innominate rotation. Affected limb length changes between supine and seated positions.
Gillet Test: Evaluates sacroiliac hypermobility. Positive if thumb on affected PSIS moves superiorly when the knee lifts.
Gapping Test: Indicates anterior sacroiliac ligament sprain. Positive sign is gluteal or posterior leg pain upon examination.
Squish Test: Assesses posterior sacroiliac ligament sprain. Positive if pain localizes to the sacroiliac joint when lateral pressure is applied.
Yeoman Test: Tests for nerve root compression or facet joint irritation. Positive if localized pain is felt in the sacroiliac region during hip extension while prone.
Rocking Test: Checks the integrity of the sacro-tuberous ligament. Positive if pain occurs in the sacroiliac joint when bending the knee towards the contralateral shoulder.
Hip Quadrant "Scouring" Test: Evaluates capsular tightness or osteophyte formation. Positive if there is a leathery feel, bumpiness, crepitus, or pain during movement.

SI Joint Dysfunction Indicators

Faber Test (Patrick Test): Tests for sacroiliac joint dysfunction or hip joint pathology. Positive sign is localized pain or affected leg higher than the unaffected leg.
Cervical Distraction Test: Evaluates facet joint irritation or nerve root compression. Relief of pain indicates a positive result.
Jackson's Test: Assesses nerve root compression. Positive if pain or numbness occurs on the same side arm during head rotation and downward pressure.
Apley's Scratch Test: Used for glenohumeral joint pathology. Positive if the client is unable to touch both hands behind their back.
Sulcus Sign: Indicates inferior instability of the glenohumeral joint. Positive if a dent is noted between the acromion and humerus during downward pull.
Clunk Test (Labral Test): Checks for glenoid labrum tears. Positive if a grinding or clunk sound occurs during shoulder manipulation.
A/C Shear Test: Assesses glenohumeral joint pathology. Positive if excessive movement or pain in the joint is detected during compression.
Anterior Apprehension Test: Tests for dislocation or subluxation of the anterior shoulder. Positive if the client exhibits apprehension or pain during lateral rotation.
Jerk Test: Assesses for posterior shoulder instability. Positive if the client jerks in response to pain when manipulated.

Collateral Ligaments

Valgus Test: Evaluates medial collateral ligament (MCL) instability. Positive if pain occurs on the medial side of the elbow.
Varus Test: Assesses lateral collateral ligament (LCL) instability. Positive if pain is felt on the lateral side of the elbow.

Forearm & Wrist

Mills Test: Tests for tendonitis of the common extensor tendon. Positive if pain is located at the tendon site during wrist extension.
Reverse Mills Test: Used for tendonitis of the common flexor tendon. Positive pain indicates involvement of the flexor tendons during wrist flexion.
Cozen's Test: Assesses common extensor tendinosis. Positive if pain is elicited at the extensor tendon during resisted wrist extension.
Flexor Tendinosis Test: Evaluates common flexor tendinosis. Positive if pain and weakness occur in the common flexor tendon during resistance.
Finkelstein Test: Used for Quervain's tenosynovitis. Positive if pain is experienced on the lateral side of the wrist.
Tinel's Sign: Checks for neuroma or nerve compression. Positive if paresthesia occurs when tapping over the ulnar nerve.
Rockwood Test: Evaluates anterior shoulder instability. Positive if pain is reported in both posterior and anterior shoulder during abduction and rotation.
Allen Test (Wrist): Assesses the integrity of the ulnar and radial arteries. Positive if blood flow diminishes post hand-clenching.

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)

Roos Test: Indicates thoracic outlet syndrome. Positive if pain, paresthesia, or inability to open/close hands occurs after 3 minutes of resistance.
Halstead's Maneuver: Tests thoracic outlet syndrome. Positive if radial pulse diminishes or disappears during neck extension and rotation.
Eden Test: Similar to costoclavicular syndrome; evaluates thoracic outlet syndrome. Positive if radial pulse diminishes with scapular depression and retraction.
Travell's Variation of Adson's Test: Assesses thoracic outlet syndrome due to middle scalene involvement. Positive if pulse diminishes during head rotation and deep breathing.
Wright's Hyperabduction Test: Used for thoracic outlet syndrome caused by pectoralis minor. Positive if pulse decreases upon shoulder abduction.
Adson's Test: Evaluates thoracic outlet syndrome. Positive if the pulse disappears when the client rotates their head to the same side and holds a deep breath.
Costoclavicular Syndrome Test: Indicates thoracic outlet syndrome. Positive if the pulse diminishes when scapula is depressed and retracted.
Allen's Test for TOS: Assesses thoracic outlet syndrome. Positive if the pulse diminishes or disappears when the head is rotated to the contralateral shoulder.

Carpal Tunnel Syndromes

Phalen's Test: Diagnoses carpal tunnel syndrome. Positive if pain or numbness is felt in specific fingers after holding for one minute.
Reverse Phalen's Test: Similar to Phalen's, positive if pain or numbness occurs with wrist flexion in a prayer position.
Cyriax Phalen's: Evaluates carpal tunnel syndrome. Positive if there is a reduction in pain/numbness following sudden wrist extension after Phalen’s position.

Patella Femoral Syndrome Tests

McConnel's Test: Client seated, affected foot at 120-degree flexion; RMT applies pressure to shin. Pain subsides when RMT pushes on patella during strength testing at various angles (120, 90, 60, 30 degrees).
Clarke's Test: Client supine with leg extended; RMT presses down on the patella, asks client to flex quadricep. Positive sign shows pain or crepitus.

Patella Dislocation Tests

Patellar Apprehension Test: Client supine with slight knee flexion at 30 degrees; RMT pushes patella laterally while stabilizing the knee. Signs of pain or apprehension indicate dislocation risk.

Ligament and Meniscus Injury Tests

Apley's Distraction: Prone position; knee flexed to 90 degrees. RMT pulls up leg and rotates the ankle. Positive sign is pain at the knee.
Varus Stress Test: Assesses LCL integrity; knee flexed at 20-30 degrees while RMT pushes malleolus medially and pulls knee laterally.
Valgus Stress Test: Evaluates MCL integrity; similar setup to the varus test, but malleolus is pushed laterally and knee is pushed medially.
Braggards Test: For medial meniscus injury; knee flexed to 30 degrees, internal rotation followed by full extension causes medial pain.

Nerve Compression Tests

Tinel's Sign: RMT taps on specific points (head of fibula, lateral malleolus, between medial malleolus and Achilles tendon) to assess for nerve compression, noted by paresthesia.
Morton's Neuroma Test: Client seated; RMT squeezes the foot. Positive sign is sharp pain at neuroma location.

Head & Neck Assessment

Vertebral Artery Tension Test: Assessing for vertebral artery compression; signs include dizziness and eye fluttering during head rotation when extended.
Three Knuckle Test: TMJ dysfunction indicator; client attempts to fit three knuckles in their mouth.
Scalene Cramp Test: Assess anterior scalene muscle; pain indicates trigger point involvement.

Nerve Root and Facet Irritation Tests

Spurlings Test: Client extends and laterally bends neck while RMT pushes head down; pain in cervical spine or numbness in arms indicates irritation.
Cervical Compression Test: RMT applies downward pressure on the head; positive if pain is localized or numbness occurs in arms.

Shoulder Assessment

Painful Arc Test: Supraspinatus tendonitis characterized by pain during abduction from 60-120 degrees, easing at 130 degrees.
Supraspinatus Test: Evaluates for rotator cuff issues; pain or weakness during resistance at shoulder abduction indicates injury.
Hawkins-Kennedy Test: Positive if pain occurs during internal shoulder rotation.
Drop Arm Test: Pain or dropping of arm while adducting from 90 degrees indicates supraspinatus integrity issue.

Bicep Assessment

Yeargason's Test: Assesses bicep tendonitis; positive for pain or popping indicates tendon issues.
Ludington's Test: Positive if unable to contract the bicep indicates possible rupture.
Speed's Test: Pain at the bicep tendon origin during arm extension assesses tendinitis.