Transportation & Tourism Evolution

The Transportation Sector

• Rapid development and technological innovations in transportation enable tourists to reach many destinations
• Transportation is an integral part of the tourism and hospitality industry

Transportation and Travel Evolution

• Pre-Industrial Travel System Era occurred before widespread industrialization in Europe and North America
  • Few common carriers and almost no regularly scheduled transportation services existed
  • Travelers made their arrangements with several suppliers; a few had the money and reason to travel
• Early-Industrial Travel System Era involved road improvements, such as railways, canals, and steamship services
  • Travel increased as more people had money to travel, common carriers emerged, and regularly scheduled transportation services began
• Mature-Railway System Era: Thomas Cook began his company in the United Kingdom in 1840
  • More people traveled compared to the previous era
  • Railways began to market their services more aggressively, travel agencies and tour companies formed
• Express-Travel System Era: trains and other forms of transportation only stopped at major stations or terminals
  • This era was characterized by railways expanding operations with hotels and travel-related services
  • Increased speed of travel, encouraged more travel
• Automobile-Based Travel System Era enhanced the influence of privately-owned automobiles in North America and Europe from the 1920s
  • Motorways, interstate highways, and other trunk highways were developed from 1920 to 1974
  • The automobile predominated over other travel modes from 1920 to 1945
• Modern-Tourism Travel System Era occurred from 1945 to 1974
  • Car ownership continued to multiply at the expense of long-distance rail travel
  • Increased air travel with the introduction of wide-bodied jets in 1970
• Post-Mobility Adjustment Era began in 1973/1974 due to the oil embargo by OPEC and increased fuel prices
  • The energy crisis changed travel patterns worldwide, and travelers look for alternative, group-oriented transportation modes

Selection of Transportation Mode

• A tourist's travel experience enrichment depends on the mode of transport and frequency of use
• Transportation can be a separate tourist attraction like cruising, orient express trains, and boat trips
• Air Transportation as a mode of transport
  • Air travel has greatly changed people's minds concerning time and distance.
  • Airlines spend billions of dollars/apply new tech to meet air transport demand
  • The travel industry developed rapidly with a pivotal role in long-distance travel
  • Examples: Airplanes, Helicopters, Hot Air Balloons, and Gliders
• Automobile Transportation
  • Automobilies are used for short distances
  • It's easy to see local cultures and nations
  • This mode of transport is very important, offers great flexibility and tourists frequently use automobile transport for it's low price
• Railway Transportation
  • This is the oldest form of transport
  • Railways were frequently used in the 19th Century
  • Railways are used more to transport loads in many countries as tourists prefer air/automobile transport
  • There are railroads included in touristic packages
  • Technology/innovation birthed fast trains, which compete with air/automobile transportation ways
  • Examples: High-speed, Regional, Rapid Transit, and Freight Trains
• Sea Transportation; including ship travel, boat travel, yachting, and ferry boat travel
  • Cruise ships/sailing hotels provide opportunities
  • While traveling on a cruise ship, countries can be seen
  • Maritime vessels and cargo ships such as ro-ro, container vessels, crude, and bulk carriers

Recreations and Attractions

• Recreation involves activities that are relaxing or diverting from normal routines; Can also be the pursuit of leisure during one's spare time
• Also involves parks, museums, historic sites, and theaters
• Leisure is the productive, creative, or contemplative use of free time
• Varied Views of and leisure
  • Recreation: public agencies that provide parks, playgrounds, swimming/sports pools, fields, and community centers cities/towns/countries/park district
  • Recreation: found in a senior center, workshop disabled individuals, or a physical rehabilitation treatment center
  • Impact of outdoor recreation forms on our natural surroundings - forests, mountains, rivers, and lakes
  • These constitute nation’s heritage

Recreational Participation

• Recreation: broad range of leisure activities, including travel and tourism, cultural entertainment, arts, hobbies, and membership in social clubs or interest groups
• Activity may be enjoyed with thousands of participants or spectators, a solitary experience, and be very strenuous or primarily a mental activity
• Can be a lifetime of interest/involvement or consist of a single, isolated experience

Attractions

• Natural Attractions serve as the “mainspring” that attracts many
  • Examples: National parks, forests, botanical, and zoological parks
• Purpose Built Attractions: have been purposely developed for tourism
  • Examples: Theme Park, a zoo, or an art gallery
• Heritage Attractions appeal to those inspired to learn more about contemporary and long-vanished civilizations
  • Examples: The Great Wall of China/Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras
• Recreation Attractions maintain and provide access to indoor and outdoor facilities where people can participate in sports and other recreation activities
  • Examples: Bowling, camping, fishing, and golfing

Challenges Faced in the Recreation and Leisure Service Field

• Catering to a diverse society including different races, ages, and genders
• Emphasizing key social purposes of recreation to youth, disabilities, and community dev.
• Achieve understanding of the value of recreation, parks, and the leisure-service profession
• Upgrade recreation, and park programs, especially inner cities and minority populations
• Adopt benefits-based management approach proving positive recreation outcomes
• Promote recreation as a healthy-related field
• Develop partnerships w/environmental organizations to protect/restore wildlands waterways
• Expand/improve family-centered programs facilities
• Promote high values/ethical practices in youth sports
• Strive for fuller mainstreaming of persons w/disabilities in community recreation programs
• Plan for role of recreation, leisure, potentially job-scarce economy
• Develop higher levels of professionalism through accreditation, certification, continuing education, or program standards
• Unify recreation/leisure service fields

Gaming Entertainment

• Gaming Industry includes: casinos, card games, charitable games, lottery-operated games, and betting on greyhound and horse races
• Gaming Entertainment refers to the casino gaming business and all its aspects
• Aspects include: hotel operation, entertainment, retail shopping, recreational activities, and other types of operation in addition to betting
• Industry gives risk of gambling as an entertainment and leisure package
• Casinos are for consumers and or customers combine gambling with activities during their stay

Gaming and facilities Inside the Casino

• Table Games involve wagering/betting with the casino customers
  • Games included dice/craps games, roulette, the Big 6 wheel, pai-gow
• Wagering occurs on the table
• Card Games vary from table games that do not wage against each other
  • Examples: Blackjack, Baccarat, and Poker
• Slot Machine/Video games have simulated or actual reels by activating a handle
  • Pay-offs are based of a random number generator or alignment
  • Video games include video poker, keno, bingo or lottery
• Keno and Bingo are based off a random number generator
• Race and Sports books racebooks racebook involve wagering in horse betting tracking and collegiate sporting event wagers
• Casino Cage is financial transactions and is accounting for monies
• Surveillance maintains watch activities through high-tech cameras
• Ancillary Departments include: restaurant operations, bar, and entertainment centers such as lounges or showrooms and lodging
• The goal is to lure wagering, enter games of skill/chance
• Casinos are an recreational and an exciting form
• Casinos offer residents and retirees an environment and escape from stress
• Economically casinos operate and offer low rates to attract gamblers
• Mega resort facilities want those seeking activities

M.I.C.E and Travel Trade Sectors

• MI(Meeting Industry) CE(Convention and Exhibition)
• Goal to gather professionals, promote connections, ideas and growth
• Events are business events
• Organizers add leisure to large events
• It is a 4 sector: meetings, intensive, convention, and exhibitions
• Events in person and moving to virtual location rose
• Hybrid events rose through covid
• Meetings are single day or convention centers
• Catering is kept simple

Types of Meeting

• Organized by business, associations, or educational

MICE continued

• Theater Style (no notes or document for notes)
• Class room (use for documents or notes)
• Board Room (small number of people)
• Incentives most fun awards, team or offers
• Goal to boost loyalty and performance
• Incentives take from depend if their are organized

Factors of Considerations

• Convention bigger meeting than those
• Form Expo shows
• Convention formats has opening with presentation along with booths and show
• Conventions held in large hotels for three/five days vary.
• Exhibition massive draw world wide

Exhibition

• Trade show/massive worldwide
• Can have show to a week
• Show industry specific for market

Exhibition goal

• Present product serve business along w/potential partners Professionals look to network discover
• Industry professional will discovery collaboration trends
• Award will be honor with recognition

MICE

• It gives relations marketing push
• New Business Pitches show innovations with an event
• It gives starter a visibility and funding clients

MICE Key Players

• Convention & Visitor Bureaus (CVB) major in Mice

Convention & Visitor Bureaus (CVB) cont.

• An non profit that seek business
• Responsibility for different company of business
• To hold and encourage tourist and trade show
• Provide service though-out their meeting
• Promote tourists participation with opportunities To Develop public relation w/ community
• Special Events Market has very big attendance for meetings
• The event promotes attendance . Special market has been creative and are fun Type includes Corporate events Meeting,Conventions and expos

Emerging Trends

• Mice has been created
• Communication factors internet
• The internet provide access for meetings/exhibition
• Organize individuals participation

Travel Trade Sector

• Sell travel product they reserved
• Support booking on sales and market
• Offer bookings w/ reservations and attractions The sector mad with following . Travel Agents(organized travel for travelers) . Tour operators build packages for holidays Often plan to group

Travel trade

• Wholesales: sell and market travel agents
• Tour Guides: travel and work tourist they met They help make accommodation
• Short Break: Operators one night or four night packages
• Group Tour Organizers travel of organization Organization as Women organization
• Hotel Booking Agency hotel they provided

Value OF Trade

• Have to open visitor to destinations
• Trade finds to reach consumer

To Be Strategized

• Business w/customs
• Essential profitable experience
• Client profiling segments client of characteristic . It is better for client and their segment
• Customer optimization

customer identifying

• What gets value from offer, profile attributes
• Survey the customer of profile
• Pull data online campaign channels.
• Create client profiles . Document for ease for access . Data current up to date

Travel Motivation

• Stems from domain of travel psychology
• Satisfies factor for tourist Factors on motivations

Travel Motivation

• It’s factors
• Internal factors- influence decisions
• Intrensive- capabilities emotional
• Extrensive Motivations – travel with decision

Factors Of the Travel Motivation

• Factors/Conditions
• Geographical/climatic
• marketing and adverts
• Personal Social groups/network -Social
• Broad Origins Travel -Place of Origin: Japanese and Korean
• Tourism major behavior factor .Destination with provisions

Education of tourist

• Wide range of choice
• Decision chosen destination
• Strategy achieved markets goal objective

Goals and Objectives

Reach the target of website Brand- SocialMedia and engagement Find followers Customer reviews and engage- create positive atmosphere Blog - Connect and knowledge the people w/website

Brand Engagement