Transportation Systems

Study Notes

Land Transportation:
- Road transportation: cars, buses, trucks, motorcycles
- Rail transportation: trains, subways, light rails
Water Transportation:
- Shipping: cargo ships, tankers, cruise ships
- Inland water transportation: rivers, lakes, canals
Air Transportation:
- Commercial aviation: passenger planes, cargo planes
- General aviation: private planes, helicopters

Roads and Highways:
- Expressways: high-speed roads with limited access points
- National highways: major roads connecting cities and regions
- Local roads: urban and rural roads for local transportation
Ports and Terminals:
- Seaports: facilities for loading and unloading cargo and passengers
- Airports: facilities for takeoff, landing, and servicing aircraft
Rail Networks:
- Freight rail: networks for transporting goods and cargo
- Passenger rail: networks for transporting people

Public Transportation:
- Bus systems: fixed routes and schedules for public use
- Rail systems: subways, light rails, and commuter trains
- Ferries: waterborne transportation for people and vehicles
Private Transportation:
- Car ownership: individual ownership of vehicles
- Ride-hailing: on-demand transportation services
- Car-sharing: shared use of vehicles for short periods

Congestion and Traffic:
- Urban traffic congestion: high volumes of vehicles in urban areas
- Traffic management: strategies to reduce congestion and improve flow
Environmental Impact:
- Air pollution: emissions from vehicles and transportation infrastructure
- Climate change: contribution of transportation to greenhouse gas emissions
Safety and Security:
- Road safety: measures to reduce accidents and fatalities
- Security threats: risks to transportation infrastructure and passengers

Land transportation includes road transportation (cars, buses, trucks, motorcycles) and rail transportation (trains, subways, light rails)
Water transportation includes shipping (cargo ships, tankers, cruise ships) and inland water transportation (rivers, lakes, canals)
Air transportation includes commercial aviation (passenger planes, cargo planes) and general aviation (private planes, helicopters)

Roads and highways include expressways (high-speed roads with limited access points), national highways (major roads connecting cities and regions), and local roads (urban and rural roads for local transportation)
Ports and terminals include seaports (facilities for loading and unloading cargo and passengers) and airports (facilities for takeoff, landing, and servicing aircraft)
Rail networks include freight rail (networks for transporting goods and cargo) and passenger rail (networks for transporting people)

Public transportation includes bus systems (fixed routes and schedules for public use), rail systems (subways, light rails, and commuter trains), and ferries (waterborne transportation for people and vehicles)
Private transportation includes car ownership (individual ownership of vehicles), ride-hailing (on-demand transportation services), and car-sharing (shared use of vehicles for short periods)

Congestion and traffic include urban traffic congestion (high volumes of vehicles in urban areas) and traffic management (strategies to reduce congestion and improve flow)
Environmental impact includes air pollution (emissions from vehicles and transportation infrastructure) and climate change (contribution of transportation to greenhouse gas emissions)
Safety and security include road safety (measures to reduce accidents and fatalities) and security threats (risks to transportation infrastructure and passengers)