Transportation of Molecules in the Body

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Which layer of the blood vessels consists of smooth muscle cells that supply mechanical strength and contractile force?

Tunica Adventitia

Tunica Media (correct)

Tunica Intima

Endothelial cells

Which type of blood vessels are capable of great degrees of distension and elastic recoil due to the numerous elastic fibers present in the tunica media?

Elastic Arteries (correct)

Veins

Muscular Arteries

Capillaries

Which class of arteries serve as stiff conduits that are not very prone to collapse, and have a relatively thick tunica media containing a high proportion of smooth muscle cells?

Capillaries

Muscular Arteries (correct)

Elastic Arteries

Veins

In which blood vessels does the main resistance to blood flow take place?

Capillaries Signup and view all the answers

What is the innermost layer of all blood vessels called?

Tunica Intima Signup and view all the answers

What is the outermost layer of the blood vessels called?

Tunica Adventitia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a topic covered in Chapter 1 of the textbook?

Sample Test Questions Signup and view all the answers

What is Laplace's Law used for in cardiovascular physiology?

Describing the Cardiac Cycle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cardiac action potential?

Contractile Properties of Cardiac Muscle Fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Fick Principle in estimating cardiac output?

Estimating Oxygen Consumption Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of regulating cardiac output?

Estimating Cardiac Output Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the electrocardiogram (ECG)?

Recording Electrical Activity of the Heart Signup and view all the answers

Which process is responsible for transporting molecules throughout the body in a stream of pumped fluid?

Convection Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the heart in the circulatory system?

To pump blood throughout the rest of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the period in which the heart is contracting?

Systole Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?

Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the constriction of blood vessels due to contraction of smooth muscle cells?

Vasoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

What are the two classes of mechanisms that can alter vessel tone?

Intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

To provide a rapid transport system for nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What is the diffusion coefficient (D) of most small solutes in dilute aqueous solutions?

10-5 cm2/sec Signup and view all the answers

If the outer layers of the heart were dependent on receiving nutrients solely by diffusion, how long would it take for a nutrient to diffuse from the ventricular lumen to the outer layers of the epicardium?

Approximately 14 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary means of transport of substances between cells and the blood stream?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation that shows the time it takes for a molecule to move a distance x in one direction in free solution?

$t = \frac{x^2}{2D}$ Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a role of the cardiovascular system?

Transportation of oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about blood flow through constricted blood vessels is true?

Constriction of a blood vessel decreases blood flow through that vessel. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about mean arterial pressure?

Mean arterial pressure is the product of cardiac output and total peripheral resistance. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the circulation of blood in the pulmonary system?

Oxygenated blood is pumped to the lungs via pulmonary arteries. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the distribution of cardiac output?

The entire output of the right ventricle passes exclusively to the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the relationship between blood flow and metabolic needs of tissues and organs?

The heart and brain receive the lowest proportion of blood flow relative to their metabolic needs. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the structure and dimensions of blood vessels?

The aorta and pulmonary artery give rise to high-resistance vessels called arterioles. Signup and view all the answers