Transport Protocols and QUIC Overview
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Questions and Answers

RTP runs over ______ protocol.

UDP

TCP is commonly implemented in the OS ______.

kernel

Pushing changes to TCP stacks typically requires OS ______.

upgrades

UDP can be viewed as a NO-OP transport protocol other than using ______ numbers.

<p>port</p> Signup and view all the answers

QUIC does the same as ______ in terms of transport protocol functionalities.

<p>TCP</p> Signup and view all the answers

QUIC improves performance through built-in encryption and ______ avoidance.

<p>head-of-line</p> Signup and view all the answers

The realization of the application data unit (ADU) is enabled by applications controlling what data is packaged into each ______ packet.

<p>IP</p> Signup and view all the answers

OS upgrades have ______-wide impact.

<p>system</p> Signup and view all the answers

QUIC is built on top of ______ to enhance its functions.

<p>UDP</p> Signup and view all the answers

The deployment of transport modifications requires changes to web servers, clients, and the ______ stack.

<p>transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

QUIC encrypts transport ______ to ensure privacy and security.

<p>headers</p> Signup and view all the answers

By building on UDP, QUIC moves control of transport deployment to the ______ that benefit from it.

<p>applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

QUIC offers performance improvements over ______ by reducing latency and improving connection speeds.

<p>TCP</p> Signup and view all the answers

One challenge in deploying QUIC involves incentivizing and coordinating between application developers, OS vendors, and ______ vendors.

<p>middlebox</p> Signup and view all the answers

QUIC's design helps to avoid ______ entrenchment in network protocols.

<p>implementation</p> Signup and view all the answers

QUIC was highlighted in the tutorial given by Jana Iyengar, Ian Swett, and ______ Marx.

<p>Robin</p> Signup and view all the answers

QUIC is designed to fulfill the needs of today's Internet and the modern web, unlike ______, which was built for earlier network requirements.

<p>TCP</p> Signup and view all the answers

One of the features of QUIC is to improve video ______ experience by reducing page load latency.

<p>Quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

With QUIC, deployment agility of new features can be achieved through techniques like ______ protection.

<p>ossification</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ return mechanism is an example of architecture exploration enabled by userspace transport.

<p>Direct Server</p> Signup and view all the answers

QUIC reduces handshake delay compared to traditional ______ transport protocols.

<p>TCP</p> Signup and view all the answers

Protocol evolution faces challenges such as ______ entrenchment, making it difficult for new protocols to gain adoption.

<p>protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

QUIC offers greater control and ______ to developers through its userspace transport architecture.

<p>agility</p> Signup and view all the answers

The use of ______ and encryption in QUIC helps protect user data during transmission.

<p>versioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

Middle boxes such as ______ can create challenges for new transport protocols like QUIC.

<p>NATs</p> Signup and view all the answers

QUIC aims to solve the issue of ______-of-line blocking that affects other transport protocols.

<p>head</p> Signup and view all the answers

Encryption in QUIC ensures that data remains ______ during transmission over the Internet.

<p>secure</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rise of middle boxes in the mid-1990s was largely driven by issues like IP address ______.

<p>scarcity</p> Signup and view all the answers

QUIC's architecture allows for backward ______, making it easier to maintain compatibility with existing systems.

<p>compatibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

By enabling ______ exploration, QUIC facilitates rapid testing and implementation of new transport strategies.

<p>architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

QUIC Protocol

  • QUIC is a new transport protocol designed for today's internet and modern web, not like TCP.
  • It's UDP-based, ensuring efficient network passage.
  • QUIC incorporates encryption, protecting data and metadata.
  • It combines transport and crypto handshakes for reduced latency.
  • TLS/1.3 is used for key exchange.

HTTP/3

  • HTTP/3 is HTTP running over QUIC.
  • It has similar features to HTTP/2, including request multiplexing and header compression.
  • Priorities are being removed in HTTP/2 by the HTTP working group.

Why Industry Cares About QUIC

  • Improved site performance, reducing page load latency and enhancing video quality of experience (QoE).
  • Users gain more control and flexibility over transport, allowing for architecture exploration.
  • Deployment of new features, with versioning and encryption, becomes more agile.
  • Protection against ossification of existing protocols.

Why QUIC?

  • Significantly reduced latency by eliminating latency of newly connected sites and head-of-line blocking in TLS/TCP.
  • Provides fundamental encryption and privacy.
  • Connections remain protected from manipulation.
  • Resilience, with connection migration for the "parking lot" problem.

Protocol Entrenchment

  • Existing transport protocols, like DCCP and SCTP, haven't gained widespread use.
  • Middleboxes, used in networking, can hinder the deployment of new protocols.
  • These intermediary devices can inspect and modify information embedded in the transport header.
  • QUIC's build upon UDP to effectively bypass modification by middleboxes.

Implementation Entrenchment

  • Protocol implementation is tightly coupled with the operating system (OS), for example TCP in OS kernel.
  • This limits the speed of deploying changes to transport protocols.
  • OS upgrades are often carefully managed, affecting large populations and taking a significant time for deployment.

Handshake Delay

  • The TCP/TLS handshake introducing round-trip delays significantly affects web applications, particularly for short connections.
  • QUIC combines transport and crypto handshakes, reducing handshake delay down to a single round-trip.
  • QUIC's 0-RTT encrypted application data further lowers latency for subsequent connections.

QUIC Connection Establishment

  • QUIC uses a unique connection identifier (CID) similar to TCP functionalities.
  • Each connection is given a pair of connection IDs selected by the two communicating endpoints.
  • QUIC allows for surviving changes in addressing at lower layers, preventing packets from being routed to the wrong destination.

Head-of-Line Blocking Delay

  • TCP's bytestream abstraction limits applications' ability to frame their communications.
  • The loss of a single packet in a byte stream can block the delivery of all subsequent packets.
  • QUIC overcomes this head-of-line blocking by handling independent streams instead of single bytestream for superior data flow.

QUIC: Streams

  • Streams using unique stream IDs for client- and server-initiated connections to prevent collisions.
  • QUIC packets encapsulate data streams, allowing multiple streams to be carried within the same packet.

QUIC Packets and Frames

  • QUIC uses a specific packet format and structure.
  • Packet numbers are used for reliable delivery.

QUIC: Reliable Delivery Service

  • Uses packet numbers that guarantee delivery order.
  • Removes retransmission ambiguity, providing increased efficiency.

QUIC Congestion Control

  • QUIC's design does not rely on one particular congestion algorithm.
  • It provides generic signals for enabling control.

QUIC Flow Control

  • Connection-level flow control: Limits aggregate buffer consumption by a sender for all streams
  • Stream-level flow control: Limits buffer consumption by a sender for a single stream to prevent head-of-line blocking.

QUIC & HTTP

  • HTTP/3 leverages QUIC streams for independent and prioritized delivery of responses in HTTP requests and responses.
  • Providing reliable in-order delivery and connection-level congestion control.

QUIC Connection Migration

  • QUIC survives IP address changes.
  • Unlike TCP, which uses IP addresses and port for identification, QUIC uses a connection ID.

SWAN (Software-Defined Wide Area Network)

  • Enables central control over inter-data center (IDC) traffic.
  • Addresses the issue of poor sharing that affects existing IDC WANs.
  • Through a controller, improves efficiency and capacity utilization through centralized traffic engineering.

SDN (Software-Defined Networking)

  • SDN separates the control plane from the data plane, allowing for independent configuration.
  • Provides a logical centralized control plane.
  • Simplifies network management by using generalized forwarding.

SDN Use Cases

  • Traffic engineering (SD-WAN): Programmatic control of resource allocation on WAN, often leased lines.
  • Network virtualization (bare metal switching): Flexible control of network configuration and resources.
  • Network function virtualization (NFV): Faster deployment of new functions on networks.

SDN Challenges

  • Scale, stability, correctness, and timeliness remain crucial challenges.
  • Inter-domain operations, such as across autonomous systems (ASes), still pose significant issues.

Generalized Forwarding: OpenFlow API

  • The OpenFlow API enables generalized forwarding.
  • Using a match-action table: matches packets to actions.
  • Facilitates programmable packets "processing."

Flow Table Abstraction

  • Defines forwarding rules in a network device using matching.
  • Match: packet headers to match the rule.
  • Action: Specify action, like forwarding, dropping, modifying.

OpenFlow: Flow Table Entries

  • Defines actions based on match.
  • Includes forwarding/dropping packets, modifying header or sending to controller for actions.

P4 Language

  • The P4 language provides a way for programming network devices.
  • Defines parsers for examining packets, tables for matching the packet contents, and actions to modify the contents in packet.

P4 Architecture

  • The P4 architecture defines how programs in the P4 language interact with specific target devices.
  • It defines the structures accessible by the P4 language through the externs interface.

P4 Ecosystem

  • The ecosystem includes P4 language processors, tools, and architectures.
  • Programmability, as well as central control over network resource distribution, become more accessible through this strategy.

Bloom Filters

  • Use smaller memory with hash functions to store and check for items in a set (also known as Set).
  • Provides insertion, deletion, and membership queries.
  • Requires trade-offs between False Positive (FP) rates and memory usage.

Counting Bloom Filters

  • Extended form of Bloom Filters.
  • Allows deletion operations in addition to the normal Bloom Filter operations.
  • Requires considerably more memory compared to standard Bloom Filters.

Invertible Bloom Lookup Tables (IBLT)

  • IBLT stores key-value pairs for efficient lookups, and listings.
  • Allows for insertions, deletions, searches, and retrieving a complete list of elements.
  • The IBLT method might require complex operations or additional mechanisms to work in hardware.

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Related Documents

Computer Networks QUIC Intro PDF

Description

This quiz covers key concepts related to transport protocols, focusing on the specifics of RTP, TCP, UDP, and QUIC. It delves into their functionalities, performance improvements, and implications for application data management. Test your knowledge on how these protocols interact and the changes required for their deployment.

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