Transport Proteins and Mechanisms Quiz

Proteins embedded within the cell membrane that facilitate the movement of molecules across the membrane.

A type of integral protein that forms a channel through the cell membrane, allowing specific ions to passively diffuse across the membrane.

Channels that can be opened or closed in response to changes in the electrical potential across the cell membrane.

Channels that are opened or closed by the binding of specific molecules called ligands, such as hormones or neurotransmitters.

Channels that are opened or closed by the binding of second messenger molecules, such as cAMP or IP3, within the cell.

A type of integral protein that binds to specific molecules and facilitates their movement across the cell membrane.

Carriers that move molecules down their concentration gradient, facilitating their passive diffusion.

Carriers that move molecules against their concentration gradient, requiring energy from ATP hydrolysis.

The internal skeleton of a cell, made up of microtubules, microfilaments, and proteins. It provides structure, allows for shape changes, and enables movement.

Hollow, octagonal structures that resemble nuclear pores. They're thought to function as cellular transport vehicles, carrying cargo from the nucleus.

Long, hollow cylinders composed of tubulin protein. They contribute to cell shape, organelle movement, and cell division.

Thin, solid fibers made of actin protein. They play roles in muscle contraction, cell movement, and maintaining cell shape.

Proteins responsible for moving substances along microtubules. Examples include kinesin and dynein.

A specialized structure made of microtubules, responsible for separating chromosomes during cell division.

A double membrane surrounding the nucleus. It's dotted with pores that allow molecules to enter and exit.

Made up of DNA and histone proteins. It condenses into chromosomes during cell division.

Proteins embedded in the cell membrane that bind to specific molecules like hormones and drugs. They act like locks, recognizing and opening for specific keys.

Proteins in the cell membrane that accelerate chemical reactions at the membrane surface, acting like catalysts.

Molecules on the cell membrane that identify the cell, like a name tag. They are important for the immune system and organ transplantation.

Proteins that connect cells to each other and to the surrounding matrix. They are important for tissue structure and function.

A type of cell junction that seals cells together, preventing leaks between them. They are found in tissues like the intestinal lining and kidneys.

The movement of substances into the cell by engulfing them in a membrane vesicle. There are two types: pinocytosis (for liquids) and phagocytosis (for solids)

The movement of substances out of the cell by enclosing them in a membrane vesicle and releasing them outside.

A type of cell connection that provides strong adhesion between cells. They are important for maintaining tissue integrity.

The process where DNA is used as a template to create a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule.

The modification of the newly synthesized RNA (pre-mRNA) into a mature mRNA molecule before it leaves the nucleus.

The process where mRNA is used as a template by ribosomes to synthesize protein.

The final stage of protein synthesis, where the newly synthesized polypeptide chain undergoes chemical modifications to become a functional protein.

The concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution, expressed as osmoles or milliosmoles per liter of solution. It is affected by the volume of solutes and temperature.

The concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution, expressed as osmoles or milliosmoles per kilogram of solvent (water). It is NOT affected by volume changes or temperature.

A measure of the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in a solution. It is expressed on a logarithmic scale, with lower pH values indicating higher acidity.

The difference in osmotic pressure between two solutions, often used to describe the tendency of water to move across a semipermeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration.

The ability of a cell to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.

Body water is the percentage of water in a person's body. It varies depending on age, gender and body fat.

ECF is the fluid surrounding the cells, including interstitial fluid (ISF) and intravascular fluid (IVF).

ICF is the fluid inside the cells. It is the largest fluid compartment in the body.

The body loses ECF through four routes: skin, lungs, gut, and urinary tracts. But only the kidneys can regulate ECF loss precisely.

The body's fluid compartments are interconnected, with water constantly moving between them.