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Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of phloem in plants?
What is the primary role of phloem in plants?
The xylem is responsible for transporting food substances in the plant.
The xylem is responsible for transporting food substances in the plant.
False (B)
What is osmosis?
What is osmosis?
The movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane.
Roots draw in water and nutrients from the soil primarily through _____ hair cells.
Roots draw in water and nutrients from the soil primarily through _____ hair cells.
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What role does xylem parenchyma play in the plant?
What role does xylem parenchyma play in the plant?
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Match the following structures with their roles in plants:
Match the following structures with their roles in plants:
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A semipermeable membrane allows large solute molecules to pass freely.
A semipermeable membrane allows large solute molecules to pass freely.
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What occurs when water accumulates in the vacuole of a plant cell?
What occurs when water accumulates in the vacuole of a plant cell?
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What drives the upward movement of water in plants?
What drives the upward movement of water in plants?
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Transpiration helps to cool the plant and protect it from excessive sunlight.
Transpiration helps to cool the plant and protect it from excessive sunlight.
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What are leaf pores called that facilitate transpiration?
What are leaf pores called that facilitate transpiration?
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Plants absorb minerals through ______ hairs using energy.
Plants absorb minerals through ______ hairs using energy.
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Which of the following is classified as a macronutrient?
Which of the following is classified as a macronutrient?
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Match the following types of minerals with their category:
Match the following types of minerals with their category:
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Active transport requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient.
Active transport requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient.
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Root pressure pushes water into the ______, especially up the stem.
Root pressure pushes water into the ______, especially up the stem.
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Phloem is responsible for the upward movement of water in plants.
Phloem is responsible for the upward movement of water in plants.
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What process allows the movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration in single-celled organisms?
What process allows the movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration in single-celled organisms?
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Xylem cells have thickened walls due to the presence of ______.
Xylem cells have thickened walls due to the presence of ______.
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Match the following components of plant transportation with their functions:
Match the following components of plant transportation with their functions:
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Which of the following statements best describes transpiration?
Which of the following statements best describes transpiration?
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Root pressure is a mechanism that helps in the upward movement of food materials.
Root pressure is a mechanism that helps in the upward movement of food materials.
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The _______ is responsible for conducting food materials throughout the plant body.
The _______ is responsible for conducting food materials throughout the plant body.
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Study Notes
Transport of Food and Minerals in Plants
- Organisms need food, water, and oxygen to survive
- Plants require carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight for photosynthesis
- Food, water, and minerals must be transported within the plant
- Waste products must also be transported and removed
- Plants have complex transport systems like xylem and phloem to carry materials
Transport in Single-celled and Basic Multicellular Plants
- Single-celled organisms like Chlamydomonas and Spirogyra utilize diffusion for material transport
- Diffusion moves molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration until evenly distributed
Transport in Higher Plants
- Higher plants have specialized vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) enabling efficient transportation of substances
- Water and minerals are transported upwards through xylem from roots to other parts of the plant
- Food produced in leaves is transported through phloem to other parts of the plant
Structure and Roles of Xylem and Phloem
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Xylem
- Composed of tracheids and vessels
- Non-living cells, with thick walls reinforced by lignin
- Transports water and minerals
- Provides structural support
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Phloem
- Composed of sieve tubes and companion cells
- Living cells that transport sugars and other organic materials
- Facilitates bidirectional transport of materials
Osmosis
- Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from high to low water concentration
- Water moves from an area of high water potential to low water potential
- Important for water uptake by plant roots
Transpiration
- Process of water loss from leaves of plants through stomata
- Water evaporates from leaves, creating a pull that draws more water up from the roots
- Important for cooling the plant and moving water throughout the plant
- Factors affecting transpiration include light, temperature, humidity, and wind speed
Root Pressure
- Force that pushes water from roots up into the xylem of stems
- Created by osmosis causing water to move into xylem
Active Transport
- Movement of substances against a concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP)
- Plants use active transport to absorb minerals from the soil even when their concentration is lower in the roots than the surrounding soil solution
- Essential for absorption of minerals that are needed by the plant
Essential Minerals in Plants
- Macronutrients and micronutrients are essential plant nutrients
- Examples of nutrients: Nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, copper, molybdenum, zinc.
- Deficiency of essential minerals can lead to various diseases in plants.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential processes of food, mineral, and waste transport in plants. Learn about the transport systems in single-celled organisms as well as complex systems in higher plants, focusing on the roles of xylem and phloem. Test your knowledge on how these mechanisms ensure plant survival and growth.
