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Questions and Answers
What role do root hairs play in a plant's water uptake?
What role do root hairs play in a plant's water uptake?
How does the rate of transpiration change with wind speed?
How does the rate of transpiration change with wind speed?
What effect does high humidity have on transpiration?
What effect does high humidity have on transpiration?
What primarily drives the movement of water up the xylem in plants?
What primarily drives the movement of water up the xylem in plants?
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Which characteristic of stomata is likely to enhance the rate of transpiration?
Which characteristic of stomata is likely to enhance the rate of transpiration?
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What happens to a plant when it loses too much water?
What happens to a plant when it loses too much water?
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Which of the following factors does NOT affect the rate of transpiration?
Which of the following factors does NOT affect the rate of transpiration?
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What is one function of the xylem in plants?
What is one function of the xylem in plants?
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What is the primary role of xylem in plants?
What is the primary role of xylem in plants?
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How do xylem cells adapt their structure to efficiently transport water?
How do xylem cells adapt their structure to efficiently transport water?
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Where is phloem located in the stems of plants?
Where is phloem located in the stems of plants?
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What cell process allows water to enter root hair cells?
What cell process allows water to enter root hair cells?
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In which part of the plant does water initially enter after passing through root hair cells?
In which part of the plant does water initially enter after passing through root hair cells?
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What substance is transported by phloem in plants?
What substance is transported by phloem in plants?
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What evidence can be observed to demonstrate that water is absorbed by a plant?
What evidence can be observed to demonstrate that water is absorbed by a plant?
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What is the main function of transpiration in relation to xylem?
What is the main function of transpiration in relation to xylem?
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Study Notes
Transport in Plants
- Plants have a transport system consisting of xylem and phloem vessels. These vessels transport nutrients between the roots and the rest of the plant.
Xylem
- Xylem transports water and mineral ions from the roots to the rest of the plant (transpiration).
- Xylem cells are adapted for this:
- Thick walls containing lignin: provides strength and support
- Hollow with no cell content: creates space for water transport
- Joined end-to-end with no cross-walls: forms a continuous tube for water flow
- Xylem is located in the middle of roots in an X shape, and on the inside of stems.
Phloem
- Phloem transports sucrose and amino acids (translocation) throughout the plant.
- Phloem cells are living cells.
Position of Xylem and Phloem in Roots
- Xylem is located in the center, shaped like an X.
- Phloem is on the outside of the xylem.
Position of Xylem and Phloem in Stems
- Xylem is on the inside of the stem.
- Phloem is on the outside of the xylem.
- Xylem is on top of phloem in leaves.
Water Uptake
- Water is absorbed by root hair cells via osmosis.
- Water then moves into the root cortex cells, then into the xylem.
- Water moves to the leaves via the xylem as a result of transpiration pull.
- Root hairs have a large surface area for water absorption, thin walls for faster osmosis, and a short diffusion distance.
Transpiration
- Transpiration is the loss of water vapor from leaves.
- Water evaporates from the surface of mesophyll cells, diffuses into interconnecting air spaces, and then exits leaves via stomata.
- Larger surface area, higher number of stomata result in increased transpiration.
- Factors affecting transpiration rate:
- High temperature increases evaporation.
- High wind speed increases water loss.
- High humidity decreases rate because of lower water vapor concentration difference.
- Transpiration pull draws water up the xylem.
- Water molecules are cohesive (stick together), making it possible for water to move up xylem.
- Water cohesion creates a transpiration pull.
Translocation
- Translocation is the movement of sucrose and amino acids to various parts of the plant.
- Occurs in phloem vessels.
- Materials are transported from sources to sinks.
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Description
This quiz covers the vital transport systems in plants, specifically focusing on xylem and phloem. Learn how these vessels function to move water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the plant. Understanding the positions of xylem and phloem in roots and stems is essential for grasping plant biology.
