Transport Across Cell Membrane in Medical Biology

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What is the main factor that determines the permeability of the plasma membrane?

The size of the molecules

The charge of the molecules

The solubility of the molecules in lipids

All of the above (correct)

Which of the following substances can pass through the cell membrane more easily?

Amino acids

Proteins

Glucose

Oxygen (correct)

What is the main driving force behind passive transport across the cell membrane?

ATP hydrolysis

Concentration gradient (correct)

Electrical gradient

Both concentration and electrical gradients

Which of the following is NOT a type of passive transport?

Active transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Simple diffusion involves the direct passage of molecules through the membrane, while facilitated diffusion involves the use of transport proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which type of passive transport is responsible for the movement of water across the cell membrane?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of solution occurs when the extracellular solute concentration is balanced with the concentration inside the cell?

Isotonic solution Signup and view all the answers

What happens to red blood cells when placed in a hypotonic solution?

The cells swell and may burst due to intake of water Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a hypertonic solution on red blood cells?

The cells shrink due to loss of water Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force behind filtration?

Pressure difference Signup and view all the answers

Which factor determines what solutes can pass through the cell membrane during filtration?

The size of the membrane pores Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the disruption of red blood cells?

Hemolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of filtration in the blood capillaries?

To push water and dissolved solutes out of the capillary Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the sodium-potassium pump in animal cells?

To maintain the correct concentrations of Na+ and K+ in living cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump in generating the voltage across the cell membrane in animal cells?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of active transport in cells?

To move molecules against the concentration gradient and require energy from the cell (ATP) and carrier proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between active transport and the number of mitochondria in cells?

Cells involved in active transport have a large number of mitochondria near the plasma membrane where active transport is occurring Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the kidneys in the body?

To filter wastes from the blood Signup and view all the answers

In secondary active transport, what is the role of the concentration gradient of one molecule?

It provides the energy for the transport of another molecule against its concentration gradient. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the protein that transports two molecules in the same direction (both into or out of the cell) in secondary active transport?

Symporter Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of endocytosis?

Exocytosis Signup and view all the answers

During phagocytosis, what happens after the particle binds to receptors on the surface of the phagocytic cell?

The cell extends pseudopodia to surround the particle, and the membranes fuse to form a phagosome. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the protein that transports two molecules in opposite directions (one into and one out of the cell) in secondary active transport?

Antiporter Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between primary and secondary active transport?

Primary active transport uses ATP directly, while secondary active transport uses the concentration gradient of one molecule to drive the transport of another. Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the difference in concentration between two areas discussed in the text?

Concentration gradient Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT affect the rate of diffusion according to the text?

Time Signup and view all the answers

In facilitated diffusion, which type of molecules require carrier or channel proteins to pass through the cell membrane?

Charged particles and large molecules Signup and view all the answers

What do channel proteins create within the cell membrane to facilitate diffusion?

Water-filled channels Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that involves the movement of water from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through a cell membrane?