Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of transmission media in data communication?
What is the main purpose of transmission media in data communication?
Which type of cable provides protection against cross talk or interference?
Which type of cable provides protection against cross talk or interference?
What determines the quality of a twisted pair cable?
What determines the quality of a twisted pair cable?
What are the advantages of twisted pair cables?
What are the advantages of twisted pair cables?
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In what applications are twisted pair cables commonly used?
In what applications are twisted pair cables commonly used?
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What type of twisted pair cable is the easiest to install?
What type of twisted pair cable is the easiest to install?
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What does UTP stand for?
What does UTP stand for?
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What is the main advantage of UTP cables?
What is the main advantage of UTP cables?
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Which type of cable suffers from external electromagnetic interference?
Which type of cable suffers from external electromagnetic interference?
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What category of twisted pair cable is used in IBM token ring networks for higher transmission rates?
What category of twisted pair cable is used in IBM token ring networks for higher transmission rates?
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Which cable type carries signals of higher frequency ranges than twisted pair cables?
Which cable type carries signals of higher frequency ranges than twisted pair cables?
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What does RG stand for when discussing coaxial cables?
What does RG stand for when discussing coaxial cables?
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Which cable type uses reflection to guide light through a channel?
Which cable type uses reflection to guide light through a channel?
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What is a main disadvantage of fiber-optic cables?
What is a main disadvantage of fiber-optic cables?
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What are the three causes of transmission impairment?
What are the three causes of transmission impairment?
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Which propagation mode involves radio waves traveling through the lowest portion of the atmosphere and touching the earth?
Which propagation mode involves radio waves traveling through the lowest portion of the atmosphere and touching the earth?
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What is the frequency range for VHF band in wireless communication?
What is the frequency range for VHF band in wireless communication?
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Which type of antenna is used for multicasts communications like radio and television?
Which type of antenna is used for multicasts communications like radio and television?
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What is the frequency range for microwaves in wireless communication?
What is the frequency range for microwaves in wireless communication?
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What is the purpose of an antenna in a wireless communication system?
What is the purpose of an antenna in a wireless communication system?
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Study Notes
Propagation Modes
- Signal propagation occurs when a signal travels from one point to another
- Types of propagation modes:
- Multimode
- Single mode
- Step-index
- Graded-index
Transmission Impairment
- Causes of transmission impairment:
- Attenuation (loss of energy)
- Distortion (change in signal form or shape)
- Noise (interference)
- Examples of noise:
- Thermal noise
- Induced noise
- Crosstalk
Unguided Media: Wireless Transmission
- Wireless communication uses electromagnetic waves without a physical conductor
- Types of unguided media:
- Radio waves
- Microwaves
- Infrared
Propagation Methods
- Types of propagation methods:
- Ground propagation (radio waves travel through the lowest portion of the atmosphere)
- Sky propagation (radio waves radiate to the ionosphere and are reflected back to earth)
- Line-of-Sight Propagation (signals travel in straight lines directly from antenna to antenna)
Bands using Propagation Method
- Bands and their applications:
- VLF (Very Low Frequency): long-range radio navigation
- LF (Low Frequency): radio beacons and navigational locators
- MF (Medium Frequency): AM radio
- HF (High Frequency): citizens band (CB), ship/aircraft communication
- VHF (Very High Frequency): VHF TV, FM radio
- UHF (Ultra High Frequency): UHF TV, cellular phones, paging, satellite
- SHF (Super High Frequency): satellite communication
- EHF (Extremely High Frequency): long-range radio navigation
Antennas
- Antenna types:
- Transmission antenna (transmit radio frequency from transmitter)
- Reception antenna (convert electromagnetic energy to electrical energy)
- Same antenna can be used for both transmission and reception
Microwaves
- Microwaves are ideal for covering large areas with no obstacles
- Microwaves are unidirectional and have frequencies between 1 GHz and 300 GHz
- Applications: cellular phones, satellite networks, wireless LANs (Wi-Fi), WiMAX, GPS
Infrared
- Frequencies: 300 GHz to 400 THz
- Used for short-range communication
- Applications: night vision cameras, remote controls, file sharing between phones, communication between PCs and peripherals
Transmission Media
- Transmission media is a pathway that carries information from sender to receiver
- Types of transmission media:
- Twisted pair
- Coaxial cable
- Fiber-optic cable
Classification of Transmission Media
- Cables:
- Twisted pair
- Coaxial cable
- Wireless:
- Radio waves
- Microwaves
- Infrared
Twisted Pair Cable
- Description: a pair of conductors twisted together with insulation
- Advantages: cheap, easy to work with
- Disadvantages: low data rate, short range
Applications of Twisted Pair Cable
- Very common medium
- Used in telephone networks, local area networks (LAN), and indoor communication
Types of Twisted Pair Cables
- Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
- Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
UTP Connector and Tools
- RJ45 connector: keyed connector, can be inserted in only one way
- Crimper tool: used to connect wires to RJ45 connector
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
- Description: a pair of wires wound around each other placed inside a protective foil wrap
- Applications: IBM token ring networks, higher transmission rates over longer distances
Coaxial Cable
- Description: carries signal of higher frequency ranges than twisted pair cable
- Inner conductor: a solid wire
- Outer conductor: serves as a shield against noise and a second conductor
Applications of Coaxial Cable
- Most versatile medium
- Used in television distribution, long-distance telephone transmission, short-distance computer systems links, and local area networks
Fiber-Optic Cable
- Description: made of glass or plastic, transmits signals in the form of light
- Uses reflection to guide light through a channel
- Core is of glass or plastic surrounded by cladding
Optical Fiber Connectors
- Subscriber Channel (SC) connector
- Straight-Tip (ST) connector
Applications of Optical Fiber
- Telecommunications
- Local Area Networks
- Cable TV
- CCTV
- Medical education
Optical Fiber Advantages
- Greater capacity
- Smaller size and lightweight
- Lower attenuation
- Electromagnetic isolation
- More resistance to corrosive materials
- Greater repeater spacing facility
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Description
Explore the concept of transmission media in data communication, which provides a pathway for information transmission from sender to receiver. Learn about the types of cables and waves used for data transmission, typically through electrical or electromagnetic signals.
