30 Questions
What is the process by which the information encoded in an mRNA molecule is used to synthesize a protein?
Translation
What are the organelles that carry out translation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Ribosomes
What is the complex of proteins and RNA molecules required for translation known as?
Translational machinery
What is the template for translation that carries the information used to synthesize a protein?
mRNA
What type of RNA molecule transfers amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
tRNA
What are the two subunits that compose ribosomes?
Large subunit and small subunit
What are the proteins that help to ensure that translation occurs correctly called?
Translation factors
What process involves charging tRNA with the correct amino acid before it can transfer amino acids to the ribosome?
Charging of tRNA
What are the enzymes that bind to specific amino acids and tRNA molecules to carry out the charging of tRNA?
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases
Into how many main stages can translation be divided? Name them.
Three main stages: initiation, elongation, and termination
What is the process by which the ribosome adds amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain called?
Elongation
What process involves the ribosome reading the mRNA molecule one codon at a time?
Elongation
What process by which the ribosome releases the polypeptide chain from the mRNA molecule is called?
Termination
What mechanism maintains the fidelity of translation by checking each amino acid before it is added to the growing polypeptide chain?
Proofreading
What is the process by which the sequence of an RNA molecule is altered after it has been transcribed from DNA called?
RNA editing
What type of antibiotics work by targeting different steps in the translation process in prokaryotes?
Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis
What drugs are used to treat a variety of diseases, including cancer and viral infections, and work by inhibiting protein synthesis in eukaryotes?
Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis
Give an example of a cancer drug that works by blocking the initiation of translation.
Cancer drug
Name a type of antibiotics that block the binding of tRNA to the ribosome.
Antibiotics
What is the main process by which the fidelity of translation is maintained?
Proofreading and RNA editing
What is the role of the ribosome during elongation in translation?
Elongation is the process by which the ribosome adds amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain.
How does the ribosome read the mRNA molecule during translation?
The ribosome reads the mRNA molecule one codon at a time.
What happens during the termination phase of translation?
Termination is the process by which the ribosome releases the polypeptide chain from the mRNA molecule.
How is the fidelity of translation maintained?
The fidelity of translation is maintained by mechanisms such as proofreading and RNA editing.
What is the role of proofreading in maintaining the fidelity of translation?
The ribosome has a proofreading mechanism that checks each amino acid before it is added to the growing polypeptide chain.
What is RNA editing and how does it contribute to the fidelity of translation?
RNA editing is a process by which the sequence of an RNA molecule is altered after it has been transcribed from DNA. It can correct errors that occur during transcription.
How do antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis in prokaryotes?
Some antibiotics work by blocking the binding of tRNA to the ribosome, while others inhibit the activity of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases.
What is the purpose of drugs that inhibit protein synthesis in eukaryotes?
These drugs are used to treat diseases such as cancer and viral infections by targeting translation processes.
How do some cancer drugs work to inhibit protein synthesis in eukaryotes?
Some cancer drugs work by blocking the initiation of translation, while others inhibit the elongation of translation.
What is the significance of errors in translation and how can they impact protein synthesis?
Errors in translation can lead to the synthesis of non-functional proteins, impacting cellular functions.
Test your knowledge of translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes with this quiz. Explore the machinery involved in the synthesis of proteins and understand the differences and similarities between translation processes in these two types of cells.
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