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Questions and Answers
According to Freud, where does gender rest in a child's awareness?
What does the SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY emphasize in the development of child social behavior?
According to the COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY, when do gender constancy, stability, and consistency occur?
What does the EVOLUTIONARY THEORY propose about human behavior?
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In which theory is observational learning a key concept in understanding gender-type behaviors?
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According to Adler, where can gender rest in a child's awareness?
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What does the term 'bisexual' refer to?
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How is asexuality different from celibacy and abstinence?
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What does the term 'queer' represent within the LGBTQIA+ community?
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What does the 'Q' stand for in LGBTQIA+?
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What is the significance of the '+' in LGBTQIA+?
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How is 'questioning' defined within the LGBTQIA+ context?
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What is the term used to describe transgender people who have undergone medical transitioning?
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What does gender expression refer to?
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What does it mean when one's gender expression aligns with their gender identity?
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Which group of individuals are described as gender conforming according to the text?
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Who is more likely to change their sex/gender marker according to the text?
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What is one common misconception about transgender people according to the text?
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Why do men have nipples if their body is incapable of breastfeeding?
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Which statement best describes the genetic basis for sex differentiation in humans?
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Which stage of development is crucial for the decision between male and female development?
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How do human embryos develop sexually in the absence of a Y chromosome?
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What triggers the development of male sex characteristics in embryos?
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In humans, which parent determines the sex of the infant?
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What was the primary meaning of the word 'GAY' in the 1960s?
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According to Conflict Theory, how is social order maintained?
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Who is associated with the idea of society being fragmented into groups competing for resources?
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In a Patriarchal Society, what bias is typically observed?
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What does Feminist Theory primarily focus on?
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What is one of the key goals of Feminist Theory?
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Study Notes
Symbolism and Conflict Theory
- We act and react to symbols based on their current assigned meaning, which can change over time.
- The word "GAY" once meant "cheerful", but in the 1960s, it carried a primary meaning of "homosexual" and was associated with negative connotations, but now it has gained more neutral and optimistic connotations.
- Conflict Theory argues that individuals and groups interact based on conflict over limited resources, with social order maintained by domination and power rather than consensus and conformity.
Feminist Theory
- Feminist Theory aims to understand gender inequality and focuses on gender politics, power, relations, and sexuality.
- It promotes women's rights and interests, and examines inequalities in gender-related issues.
- The theory includes basics such as working to increase equality between male and female, expanding human choice, and eliminating gender stratification.
Theories of Gender Development
- Social Learning Theory emphasizes the child's environment and learning experiences, recognizing the importance of role modeling and reinforcement in the development of child social behavior.
- Cognitive-Developmental Theory states that intelligence is brought about by a series of transformations and interactions with the environment, explaining how a child constructs a mental model of the world.
- Evolutionary Theory believes that aspects of human behavior have been coded by our genes, thus, we are naturally adaptive.
Sex and Gender
- Sex is a dichotomy, chromosomal and genetic, with males having XY chromosomes and females having XX chromosomes.
- Typically, a person has 46 chromosomes arranged in pairs, with one pair as the sex chromosomes.
- All human embryos start life as females, and the difference between males and females begins in the sixth week after conception.
- A sex of an infant depends on the father, with a sperm carrying either an X or Y chromosome determining the baby's sex.
Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
- Bisexuality refers to attraction towards people of more than one gender.
- Asexuality is different from abstinence and celibacy, which are personal choices, and the experiences of asexual people vary.
- The term "Queer" was reclaimed in the 1980s and is now a radical and transgressive umbrella term for people whose sexual orientation, gender identity, or gender expression does not conform to societal cisgender-heterosexual norms.
- "Questioning" refers to people who are still in the process of exploring their sexual orientation, gender identity, or gender expression.
LGBTQIA+ Terminology
- The "Q" in LGBTQIA+ means "Queer" and "Questioning".
- The "+" in LGBTQIA+ stands for all other gender and sexual minority identities that are not part of the first seven letters.
- Transgender people are those whose gender identity does not conform to their assigned sex at birth.
- Transsexual people are transgender people who have undergone or are currently undergoing medical transitioning, i.e., hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and/or gender-affirming surgery.
- Gender expression (GE) is the external appearance of a person's gender, usually expressed through behavior, clothing, haircut, names, pronouns, or voice, which may or may not conform to their gender identity or to socially defined behaviors and characteristics typically associated with being either feminine or masculine.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the differences between transgender and transsexual individuals, including name changes, gender marker changes, and medical transitioning. Learn about the various aspects of gender identity and expression in this quiz.
