Transformer Components and Functionality
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Questions and Answers

What are the main components of a transformer?

Core, windings, and insulating fluid

Transformers come with ____ to release compressed air.

Pressure relief valve

What is the key component of a transformer that provides a path for magnetic coupling of two windings?

Core

The transformer core is made of?

<p>Thin laminations of grain-oriented silicon steel rolled into layers, with each side coated with an insulating material</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the transformer core improve its efficiency?

<p>Concentrates the magnetic flux lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transformer core is constructed in what configurations?

<p>Wound or shell type</p> Signup and view all the answers

Wound type core is an example of?

<p>A configuration used in transformers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Shell type core is an example of?

<p>A configuration used in transformers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of steel has been recently utilized to further reduce the losses with the core?

<p>Amorphous</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most popular material for the windings in a transformer?

<p>Copper</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which windings in a transformer are smaller?

<p>Primary</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which windings in a transformer are larger?

<p>Secondary</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shape are the winding wires in a transformer?

<p>Round or rectangular ribbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are winding conductors coated with insulation?

<p>Prevent turns from shorting out</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the secondary windings tagged?

<p>A, B &amp; C, D</p> Signup and view all the answers

What plays a critical role in cooling and insulating the core and coil assembly?

<p>Insulating fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the insulating fluid facilitate cooling?

<p>Transfers heat generated in the coil and core assembly to the tank or radiators, where it will be dissipated to the outside atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

The circulation of the oil by heat is called?

<p>Convection</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of oil is typically used in transformers?

<p>Mineral oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

Convection of transformer oil is similar to?

<p>Hot wax circulating near the burning wick of a candle</p> Signup and view all the answers

PCB stands for?

<p>Polychlorinated biphenyls</p> Signup and view all the answers

PCB insulating fluid is typically known as?

<p>Askarel</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you refer to when determining proper handling procedures when working with old PCB transformers?

<p>Companies policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cools the transformer?

<p>Insulating fluid circulating by convection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Insulating fluid is identified by?

<p>Non-PCB tag or sticker, or by the data on the nameplate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can build up inside a transformer?

<p>Pressure in the form of gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is pressurized gas formed inside a transformer?

<p>Result of a short in the windings, which breaks down the impurities in the oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hazards are there when working around a transformer?

<p>Lid blowing off due to excessive pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do manufactures help prevent excessive gas from forming inside a transformer?

<p>By installing a pressure relief valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the pressure relief valve located on a pole mounted transformer?

<p>Just above the oil level</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what pressure will the pressure relief valve activate and vent excess gas?

<p>Around 10 pounds per square inch</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional components are added internally into a CSP transformer?

<p>Internal fuses and secondary breaker</p> Signup and view all the answers

Internal faults in a CSP transformer are isolated how?

<p>By internal fuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are internal fuses replaced in CSP transformers?

<p>By de-energizing the transformer and removing the lid, usually done at the transformer shop</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component is intended to disconnect the hot legs of a CSP transformer in the event of an overload or short circuit in the secondary side?

<p>Internal secondary breaker</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are pad mounted transformer fuses different from pole mounted transformers?

<p>Located inside the transformer, but operated externally</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are fuses located in pad mounted transformers?

<p>In the primary side compartment under the oil level</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is this CSP transformer component, Primary fuse?

<p>A component designed to protect against overloads on the primary side</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is this CSP transformer component, Secondary breaker?

<p>A component designed to disconnect the secondary side in case of an issue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the transformer core?

The core is the key component of a transformer that provides a path for magnetic coupling of two windings. It is often constructed with thin laminations of grain-oriented silicon steel, coated with insulating material.

How are transformer cores configured?

The transformer core can be built in various configurations, including wound and shell types.

What is a type of steel used for the transformer core?

Amorphous steel is a recent innovation for transformer cores. It helps to further decrease losses within the core itself.

What material are transformer windings made of?

Copper is the most common material used for winding conductors in transformers.

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What are the primary windings in a transformer?

The primary windings are the windings connected to the high-voltage side; they are typically smaller than secondary windings.

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What are the secondary windings in a transformer?

The secondary windings are the windings connected to the low-voltage side, typically larger than primary windings.

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What shape are the winding conductors in a transformer?

Transformer winding wires can be round or rectangular in shape. The choice depends on factors like current capacity and space availability.

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Why are winding conductors insulated?

The winding conductors are coated with insulation to prevent short circuits between individual turns, ensuring safe and reliable operation of the transformer.

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How are secondary windings tagged?

The secondary windings are tagged with letters A, B, and C to identify the phases, and D is used for the neutral terminal.

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How does the insulating fluid help with cooling?

The insulating fluid plays a crucial role in cooling the transformer. It transfers heat generated in the core and windings to the tank or radiators for dissipation.

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What is convection in transformers?

The circulation of insulating fluid due to temperature differences is known as convection. This heat circulation mechanism helps cool the transformer.

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What kind of oil is used in transformers?

Mineral oil is the commonly used insulating fluid in transformers because of its excellent dielectric properties and ability to dissipate heat.

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How can you visualize convection in oil?

Convection of transformer oil is similar to hot wax circulating around a burning candle wick. The heat from the wick warms the wax, causing it to circulate, transferring the heat away.

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What does PCB stand for?

PCB stands for Polychlorinated Biphenyls, a type of insulating fluid formerly used, but now widely banned due to environmental concerns.

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What is Askarel?

Askarel is often used to refer to PCB-based insulating fluids. Be cautious when working with old transformers as they might contain PCB.

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How to handle old PCB transformers?

Always refer to your company's policies for proper handling procedures when working with transformers that may contain PCB.

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What keeps the transformer cool?

The insulating fluid circulating by convection plays a primary role in cooling transformers.

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How to check for the presence of PCB?

Transformers are typically labeled with a tag or sticker to identify presence or absence of PCB. This information can also be found on the transformer nameplate.

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What builds up inside a transformer?

Pressure can build up inside a transformer due to the formation of gases. These gases often result from faults or impurities in the transformer oil.

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How does pressure form in a transformer?

Pressure inside the transformer can arise from faults in the windings, which break down impurities present in the insulating oil, releasing gasses.

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What hazards are associated with a transformer?

Working around a transformer with excessive internal pressure can be dangerous. The lid of the transformer could blow off due to the buildup of pressure.

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What is a pressure relief valve?

To prevent the formation of excessive gas and potential hazards, manufacturers install a pressure relief valve on transformers. This valve releases excess pressure.

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Where is the pressure relief valve located?

The pressure relief valve on a transformer mounted on a pole is typically located just above the oil level.

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At what pressure does the valve activate?

The pressure relief valve is designed to activate and vent excess gas when pressure inside the transformer reaches a certain threshold, usually around 10 pounds per square inch.

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What components are added to a CSP transformer?

CSP transformers often contain additional internal components like internal fuses and secondary breakers to enhance protection and isolation.

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How are internal faults isolated in a CSP transformer?

Internal faults within CSP transformers are isolated by internal fuses, which disconnect the faulty section of the transformer.

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How are fuses replaced in a CSP transformer?

Internal fuses in CSP transformers are typically replaced by de-energizing the transformer and removing the lid. This procedure is often done at the transformer shop.

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What is the function of the secondary breaker?

A secondary breaker is designed to disconnect the hot legs of a CSP transformer's secondary winding in case of overload or short circuit.

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How are pad-mounted transformer fuses different?

Pad-mounted transformer fuses are different from pole-mounted transformer fuses. They're located inside the transformer but operated externally.

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Where are fuses located in pad-mounted transformers?

Fuses in pad-mounted transformers are usually found inside the transformer's primary side compartment, submerged beneath the oil level.

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What is the purpose of the primary fuse?

The primary fuse is a component designed to protect against overloads on the primary side of a CSP transformer.

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What is the secondary breaker's function?

The secondary breaker is a component designed to disconnect the secondary side of a CSP transformer in case of an overload or short circuit.

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Study Notes

Transformer Components

  • Main components: core, windings, and insulating fluid.
  • Core provides a path for magnetic coupling between the windings.
  • Transformer cores are constructed from thin laminations of grain-oriented silicon steel, coated with insulating material.

Core Types

  • Wound type core and shell type core are two configurations for transformer cores.
  • Amorphous steel is utilized to reduce energy losses in the core.

Windings

  • Copper is the most popular material for transformer windings.
  • Primary windings are smaller than secondary windings.
  • Winding wires can be round or rectangular ribbon and are insulated to prevent short circuits.
  • Secondary windings are tagged A, B & C, D.

Insulating Fluid

  • Essential roles include cooling and insulating the core and coil assembly.
  • Insulating fluid facilitates cooling by transferring heat to the tank or radiators.
  • Convection describes the oil circulation, similar to hot wax around a candle wick.
  • Mineral oil is the typical choice for insulating fluid.
  • Identification can be done through non-PCB tags or data on the nameplate.

Pressure Management

  • Transformers can build up pressure in the form of gas due to winding shorts.
  • Excess gas can lead to hazards, like the lid blowing off.
  • Countermeasures include installing a pressure relief valve, located above the oil level, which activates around 10 psi.

CSP Transformers

  • CSP transformers contain internal fuses and a secondary breaker to isolate faults.
  • Internal faults are managed by these fuses, which can be replaced by de-energizing the transformer and removing the lid.
  • Internal secondary breakers disconnect hot legs during overloads or short circuits.

Fuses and Breakers

  • Pad-mounted transformer fuses differ from pole-mounted fuses as they operate externally but are located inside the transformer.
  • In pad-mounted transformers, fuses are found on the primary side compartment underneath the oil level.

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Description

Explore the essential components of transformers, including the core, windings, and insulating fluid. Learn how each part contributes to the efficient operation of transformers, with insights into material choices and designs. Test your knowledge on the different core types and the role of insulating fluids in transformer functionality.

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