Transformer Components and Functionality
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Questions and Answers

What are the main components of a transformer?

Core, windings, and insulating fluid

Transformers come with ____ to release compressed air.

Pressure relief valve

What is the key component of a transformer that provides a path for magnetic coupling of two windings?

Core

The transformer core is made of?

<p>Thin laminations of grain-oriented silicon steel rolled into layers, with each side coated with an insulating material</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the transformer core improve its efficiency?

<p>Concentrates the magnetic flux lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transformer core is constructed in what configurations?

<p>Wound or shell type</p> Signup and view all the answers

Wound type core is an example of?

<p>A configuration used in transformers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Shell type core is an example of?

<p>A configuration used in transformers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of steel has been recently utilized to further reduce the losses with the core?

<p>Amorphous</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most popular material for the windings in a transformer?

<p>Copper</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which windings in a transformer are smaller?

<p>Primary</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which windings in a transformer are larger?

<p>Secondary</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shape are the winding wires in a transformer?

<p>Round or rectangular ribbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are winding conductors coated with insulation?

<p>Prevent turns from shorting out</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the secondary windings tagged?

<p>A, B &amp; C, D</p> Signup and view all the answers

What plays a critical role in cooling and insulating the core and coil assembly?

<p>Insulating fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the insulating fluid facilitate cooling?

<p>Transfers heat generated in the coil and core assembly to the tank or radiators, where it will be dissipated to the outside atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

The circulation of the oil by heat is called?

<p>Convection</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of oil is typically used in transformers?

<p>Mineral oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

Convection of transformer oil is similar to?

<p>Hot wax circulating near the burning wick of a candle</p> Signup and view all the answers

PCB stands for?

<p>Polychlorinated biphenyls</p> Signup and view all the answers

PCB insulating fluid is typically known as?

<p>Askarel</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you refer to when determining proper handling procedures when working with old PCB transformers?

<p>Companies policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cools the transformer?

<p>Insulating fluid circulating by convection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Insulating fluid is identified by?

<p>Non-PCB tag or sticker, or by the data on the nameplate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can build up inside a transformer?

<p>Pressure in the form of gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is pressurized gas formed inside a transformer?

<p>Result of a short in the windings, which breaks down the impurities in the oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hazards are there when working around a transformer?

<p>Lid blowing off due to excessive pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do manufactures help prevent excessive gas from forming inside a transformer?

<p>By installing a pressure relief valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the pressure relief valve located on a pole mounted transformer?

<p>Just above the oil level</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what pressure will the pressure relief valve activate and vent excess gas?

<p>Around 10 pounds per square inch</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional components are added internally into a CSP transformer?

<p>Internal fuses and secondary breaker</p> Signup and view all the answers

Internal faults in a CSP transformer are isolated how?

<p>By internal fuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are internal fuses replaced in CSP transformers?

<p>By de-energizing the transformer and removing the lid, usually done at the transformer shop</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component is intended to disconnect the hot legs of a CSP transformer in the event of an overload or short circuit in the secondary side?

<p>Internal secondary breaker</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are pad mounted transformer fuses different from pole mounted transformers?

<p>Located inside the transformer, but operated externally</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are fuses located in pad mounted transformers?

<p>In the primary side compartment under the oil level</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is this CSP transformer component, Primary fuse?

<p>A component designed to protect against overloads on the primary side</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is this CSP transformer component, Secondary breaker?

<p>A component designed to disconnect the secondary side in case of an issue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Transformer Components

  • Main components: core, windings, and insulating fluid.
  • Core provides a path for magnetic coupling between the windings.
  • Transformer cores are constructed from thin laminations of grain-oriented silicon steel, coated with insulating material.

Core Types

  • Wound type core and shell type core are two configurations for transformer cores.
  • Amorphous steel is utilized to reduce energy losses in the core.

Windings

  • Copper is the most popular material for transformer windings.
  • Primary windings are smaller than secondary windings.
  • Winding wires can be round or rectangular ribbon and are insulated to prevent short circuits.
  • Secondary windings are tagged A, B & C, D.

Insulating Fluid

  • Essential roles include cooling and insulating the core and coil assembly.
  • Insulating fluid facilitates cooling by transferring heat to the tank or radiators.
  • Convection describes the oil circulation, similar to hot wax around a candle wick.
  • Mineral oil is the typical choice for insulating fluid.
  • Identification can be done through non-PCB tags or data on the nameplate.

Pressure Management

  • Transformers can build up pressure in the form of gas due to winding shorts.
  • Excess gas can lead to hazards, like the lid blowing off.
  • Countermeasures include installing a pressure relief valve, located above the oil level, which activates around 10 psi.

CSP Transformers

  • CSP transformers contain internal fuses and a secondary breaker to isolate faults.
  • Internal faults are managed by these fuses, which can be replaced by de-energizing the transformer and removing the lid.
  • Internal secondary breakers disconnect hot legs during overloads or short circuits.

Fuses and Breakers

  • Pad-mounted transformer fuses differ from pole-mounted fuses as they operate externally but are located inside the transformer.
  • In pad-mounted transformers, fuses are found on the primary side compartment underneath the oil level.

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Description

Explore the essential components of transformers, including the core, windings, and insulating fluid. Learn how each part contributes to the efficient operation of transformers, with insights into material choices and designs. Test your knowledge on the different core types and the role of insulating fluids in transformer functionality.

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