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Questions and Answers
In an ideal transformer, what is true about the windings and core?
What material is commonly used for the core of a transformer?
What is eddy current in the context of a transformer?
Hysteresis loss in a transformer is directly proportional to which parameter?
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What determines the direction of rotation of a DC motor?
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What type of motor uses brushes and a commutator?
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What happens to the secondary output voltage of a transformer when the supply frequency increases?
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How is energy conveyed from the primary to the secondary in a transformer?
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In a transformer, what type of path should the magnetic flux have?
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What does a step-up transformer do?
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Which winding in a transformer typically has more number of turns?
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What are the windings of a transformer typically made up of?
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How many cycles will an AC signal complete in one second if its frequency is 60 Hz?
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Between which range does the power factor of an AC voltage typically lie?
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What does an alternating current voltage have in terms of phase and neutral?
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In India, what are the standardized values for electricity voltage and frequency?
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How many cycles does an AC system produce per second in the Indian electrical system?
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Which quantity is the period of a wave related to?
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Study Notes
Transformer Fundamentals
- Windings in an ideal transformer have no resistance or leakage, and the core provides complete magnetic coupling.
- Common core material for transformers is silicon steel, known for its magnetic properties and efficiency in conducting magnetic fields.
- Eddy current in transformers refers to loops of electrical current induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field, which can lead to energy losses.
- Hysteresis loss in a transformer is directly proportional to the magnetic field frequency and the material's magnetic properties.
DC Motors
- The direction of rotation of a DC motor is determined by the direction of the current flowing through the armature windings.
- Motors utilizing brushes and a commutator are known as brushed DC motors, which provide means for current direction switching.
Transformer Operation
- Increasing the supply frequency of a transformer leads to an increase in the secondary output voltage, assuming constant turns ratio.
- Energy is conveyed from the primary to secondary windings through the magnetic field created in the core, following the principle of electromagnetic induction.
- In a transformer, the magnetic flux should follow a closed loop path, minimizing leakage for efficiency.
Transformer Types
- A step-up transformer increases voltage from the primary to the secondary winding, making it suitable for high-voltage applications.
- Typically, the winding with more turns is the secondary winding in a step-up transformer, allowing for higher voltage output.
- Windings are generally made of copper or aluminum, which offer good electrical conductivity.
AC Signal Characteristics
- An AC signal with a frequency of 60 Hz completes 60 cycles in one second, indicating the number of times the waveform oscillates.
- The power factor of AC voltage typically lies between 0 and 1, representing the ratio of real power to apparent power.
- An alternating current voltage includes a phase and a neutral, allowing for the return path of the current.
Indian Electrical Standards
- In India, standardized values for electricity voltage are 230V at a frequency of 50 Hz.
- The Indian electrical system produces 50 cycles per second.
Wave Characteristics
- The period of a wave is related to the frequency, indicating the time taken to complete one full cycle of oscillation.
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Description
Test your knowledge on transformer calculations with this quiz. Questions include finding secondary turns, flux, ideal transformer properties, and transformer core material.
