Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes 'transformation and change of societies'?
Which of the following best describes 'transformation and change of societies'?
- An economic landscape that resists all forms of technological advancement.
- A process where society undergoes significant alterations in its cultural norms, social structures, political systems, and economic landscape. (correct)
- A political system remaining static despite external pressures.
- A society maintaining its cultural norms and social structures over time.
Which statement accurately describes 'social change'?
Which statement accurately describes 'social change'?
- Social change is a linear progression with predictable outcomes.
- Social change is a means, a process, or an end, and can involve the adoption of new objects and materials. (correct)
- Social change primarily impacts only the economic aspects of a society.
- Social change is always constructive and leads to positive outcomes.
What does the 'pervasive' characteristic of social change imply?
What does the 'pervasive' characteristic of social change imply?
- It occurs in every culture, society, and even individual personality. (correct)
- It affects only specific sectors of society.
- It can be easily avoided through policy-making.
- It is limited to technologically advanced societies.
How does 'continuous transformation' relate to social change?
How does 'continuous transformation' relate to social change?
What does it mean for social change to be 'constructive or destructive'?
What does it mean for social change to be 'constructive or destructive'?
How can a change in the physical environment act as a source of social change?
How can a change in the physical environment act as a source of social change?
In what way does population change serve as a source of social change?
In what way does population change serve as a source of social change?
How does technology serve as a major source of social change?
How does technology serve as a major source of social change?
How does cultural innovation influence social change among groups?
How does cultural innovation influence social change among groups?
How does conflict arising from social class contribute to social change?
How does conflict arising from social class contribute to social change?
In what way does ideology drive social change?
In what way does ideology drive social change?
How do actions of individuals lead to social change?
How do actions of individuals lead to social change?
How does collective behavior contribute to social change?
How does collective behavior contribute to social change?
How do psychological and sociological needs contribute to social change?
How do psychological and sociological needs contribute to social change?
How do thoughts and ideas lead to social change?
How do thoughts and ideas lead to social change?
What is the core idea of the evolutionary theory of social change?
What is the core idea of the evolutionary theory of social change?
How does the unilinear evolutionary theory view societal progression?
How does the unilinear evolutionary theory view societal progression?
How does multilinear evolutionary theory differ from unilinear theory?
How does multilinear evolutionary theory differ from unilinear theory?
According to conflict theory, what drives social change?
According to conflict theory, what drives social change?
According to 'Rise and fall' or cyclical theory, how do societies evolve?
According to 'Rise and fall' or cyclical theory, how do societies evolve?
What is the premise of structural functionalism regarding social change?
What is the premise of structural functionalism regarding social change?
What does 'differentiation' refer to within the context of structural functionalism?
What does 'differentiation' refer to within the context of structural functionalism?
What is 'adaptive upgrading' in the context of social institutions?
What is 'adaptive upgrading' in the context of social institutions?
How is 'inclusion' defined in the context of social change?
How is 'inclusion' defined in the context of social change?
What is 'value generalization' in the context of structural functionalism?
What is 'value generalization' in the context of structural functionalism?
Flashcards
Transformation of societies
Transformation of societies
The process where a society undergoes significant changes in its cultural norms, social structures, political systems, and economic landscape over time.
Change
Change
A means, a process, or an end, encompassing ideologies or the adoption of new materials to attain certain goals.
Pervasiveness of change
Pervasiveness of change
Change is unavoidable and occurs in every culture, society, and even personality.
Continuous transformation
Continuous transformation
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Constructive or destructive change
Constructive or destructive change
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Physical Environment
Physical Environment
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Population change
Population change
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Technology
Technology
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Cultural Innovation
Cultural Innovation
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Conflict and Change
Conflict and Change
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Ideology
Ideology
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Individual Action
Individual Action
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Collective behavior
Collective behavior
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Human Needs
Human Needs
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Inequality
Inequality
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Thoughts and Ideas
Thoughts and Ideas
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Evolutionary theory
Evolutionary theory
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Unilinear Evolution
Unilinear Evolution
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Multilinear Evolution
Multilinear Evolution
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Conflict theory
Conflict theory
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"Rise and Fall" theory
"Rise and Fall" theory
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Structural functionalism theory
Structural functionalism theory
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Differentiation
Differentiation
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Adaptive upgrading
Adaptive upgrading
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Inclusion
Inclusion
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Study Notes
- Culture and society are related to socio-cultural transformation.
- Socio-cultural evolution is the process of transformation and change of societies.
Transformation and Change of Societies
- Transformation and change of societies is the process where a society undergoes significant alterations in its cultural norms, social structures, political systems, and economic landscape over time.
Socio-Cultural Change
- A change can be a means, a process, or an end, and it can be an ideology or a doctrine.
- Change may also involve adopting new objects and materials to attain certain goals.
Characteristics of Social Change
- Change is pervasive and unavoidable in every culture, society, and personality.
- Social movement involves people working together to prevent, resist, or accept change due to its possible consequences.
- Change is a continuous transformation because humans constantly interact and must survive in their communities.
- Change can be constructive if it has positive results but destructive if it accelerates social problems and diminishes positive values.
Sources of Social Change
- Physical Environment
- Population
- Technology
- Cultural Innovation
- Conflict and Change
- Ideology
- Individual Action
- Collective behavior
Physical Environment as Source of Social Change
- The physical environment inclues the climate and the natural and physical resources of the land.
- Changes in these elements alter people's lifestyles, requiring them to adapt and implement new social organization mechanisms for survival.
Population as Source of Social Change
- Changes in a country's population size is most likely to affect the lives of people.
- Zero population growth or decline risk extinction, while excessive populations struggle to provide for everyone's needs.
Technology as Source of Social Change
- Technology is considered a major source of change today.
- Rapid technological development in a country accelerates the changes of the people's behavior patterns.
Cultural Innovation as Source of Social Change
- Cultural innovation is faster among groups possessing similar cultures compared to groups with varied cultures.
Conflict and Change as Source of Social Change
- Social change is caused by conflict between capitalists and workers, or between the exploited and exploiting classes.
Ideology as Source of Social Change
- The ideology of charismatic personalities in religion and politics led to the emergence of social movements.
Individual Action as Source of Social Change
- Actions by individuals, particularly political and religious leaders, influence the course of social change.
Collective Behavior as Source of Social Change
- Collective behavior includes rumors, riots, demonstrations, and rallies, representing attempts to change aspects of social governance.
- The impacts can be lasting and major social changes may result.
Causes of Social Change
- Social change is caused by man's physical, psychological, and sociological needs.
- Satisfaction of these needs leads to inventions, discoveries, and innovations.
- Group conflict and social inequality between peasants/bourgeoisise and capitalists/laborers also results in class struggle causing forced change.
- Thoughts and ideas influence people and is also a major source of social change.
Evolutionary Theory
- Views society as moving in a definite direction and undergoing constants change.
- Unilinear evolutionary theory views society as progressing from simple to complex forms.
- Multilinear evolutionary theory views change occurring in multiple lines without one singular direction.
Conflict Theory
- Advocated by Karl Marx, see society's elements as always changing and resulting in conflict.
- Conflict is a normal, desirable, and inevitable aspect of social change.
Rise And Fall or Cyclical Theory
- Views society, culture and civilization as moving in cycles.
- As some civilization progress, some regress.
Structural Functionalism Theory or Functionalist Theory
- Supported by Talcott Parsons, it is viewed as a balanced system of institutions with complementary functions.
- Differentiation refers to more complex social organization.
- Adaptive upgrading happens when social institutions become more specialized.
- Inclusion refers to the integration of groups into society previously excluded like gender, social class, etc.
- Value generalization refers to the development of new values to legitimize activities.
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