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Questions and Answers
What are the poles of a transfer function G(s)?
What are the poles of a transfer function G(s)?
Which term describes the system response to an external stimulus with zero initial conditions?
Which term describes the system response to an external stimulus with zero initial conditions?
What is the time constant for a first-order system?
What is the time constant for a first-order system?
Which standard test signal is used to verify a design and observe the dynamic behavior of a system?
Which standard test signal is used to verify a design and observe the dynamic behavior of a system?
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What does the unit step response of a first-order system without zeroes represent?
What does the unit step response of a first-order system without zeroes represent?
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What is the rise time for a waveform in a system response?
What is the rise time for a waveform in a system response?
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What is the formula for the exponential damping frequency 𝜎𝑑 in terms of natural frequency 𝜔𝑛 and damping ratio 𝜁?
What is the formula for the exponential damping frequency 𝜎𝑑 in terms of natural frequency 𝜔𝑛 and damping ratio 𝜁?
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Which parameter denotes the frequency of oscillation of the system without damping in a second-order system?
Which parameter denotes the frequency of oscillation of the system without damping in a second-order system?
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What is the formula for the damped frequency of oscillation 𝜔𝑑 in terms of natural frequency 𝜔𝑛 and damping ratio 𝜁?
What is the formula for the damped frequency of oscillation 𝜔𝑑 in terms of natural frequency 𝜔𝑛 and damping ratio 𝜁?
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What does the percent overshoot (%OS) represent in a control system?
What does the percent overshoot (%OS) represent in a control system?
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In an underdamped second-order system, what does the settling time Ts refer to?
In an underdamped second-order system, what does the settling time Ts refer to?
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What characterizes the rise time of a waveform in a second-order system?
What characterizes the rise time of a waveform in a second-order system?
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In the context of control systems, what do non-touching loops refer to?
In the context of control systems, what do non-touching loops refer to?
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What is the key characteristic of a closed-loop system in control systems?
What is the key characteristic of a closed-loop system in control systems?
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What are the parameters usually considered for analysis and design purposes in closed-loop systems?
What are the parameters usually considered for analysis and design purposes in closed-loop systems?
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What is the main purpose of conducting analysis and design in closed-loop systems?
What is the main purpose of conducting analysis and design in closed-loop systems?
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Which of the following is a key factor in determining how to design a closed-loop system?
Which of the following is a key factor in determining how to design a closed-loop system?
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What does Mason’s Rule help in determining in control systems?
What does Mason’s Rule help in determining in control systems?
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Study Notes
Control Systems
- A closed-loop system is a system where the output is defined and has parameters like rise time, peak time, and settling time.
Loop Paths
- A '23 '24 loop is a closed path that originates and terminates on the same node, with no node being met twice along the path.
- Non-touching loops are loops that do not have a common node.
Mason's Rule
- Mason's Rule is used to analyze and design control systems.
Signal-Flow Graph
- A signal-flow graph is a graphical representation of a control system.
Transfer Function
- The transfer function is a mathematical representation of a control system.
- Zeros are the values of s that cause G(s) to become zero.
- Poles are the values of s that cause G(s) to become infinite.
- The transfer function can be written in zero-pole form.
Time Response Analysis
- The output response of a system is a sum of a forced response and a natural response.
- The forced response is the system response to an external stimulus with zero initial conditions.
- The natural response is the system response to initial conditions with all external forces set to zero.
Standard Test Signals
- Standard test signals are used to verify a design and observe the dynamic behavior of a system.
- Examples of standard test signals include impulse, step, ramp, parabolic, and sinusoidal.
First-Order Systems
- A first-order system without zeroes is a unit step response.
- The transient response of a first-order system can be classified into three types: overdamped, underdamped, and critically damped.
Second-Order Systems
- The general second-order transfer function is given as: $$\frac{K}{s^2 + 2\zeta\omega_n s + \omega_n^2}$$
- The output time response of a second-order system is given as: $$c_1e^{(-\zeta\omega_n + \omega_d)t} + c_2e^{(-\zeta\omega_n - \omega_d)t}$$
- The time specifications of a second-order system include rise time, peak time, percent overshoot, and settling time.
Time Specifications
- Rise time is the time required for the waveform to go from 0.1 to 0.9 of the final value.
- Peak time is the time required to reach the first or maximum peak.
- Percent overshoot is the amount that the waveform overshoots the steady-state, or final, value at the peak time.
- Settling time is the time required for the transient's damped oscillations to reach and stay within 2% of the steady-state value.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the values of 's' that cause the transfer function 'G(s)' to become zero in Control Systems Theory. This quiz covers the concept of poles and zeros in the transfer function, time response analysis, and the distinction between forced and natural responses.
