Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems Quiz

<p>Microsomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blocks external substances from entering the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By increasing the temperature which alters skin diffusivity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phospholipids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They involve minimal pain during drug application (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The innate skin barrier preventing optimal delivery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The color of the drug formulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epidermis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By controlling drug release according to usage restrictions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The limited ability to deliver drugs to the target tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intracellular pathway (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cationic therapeutic agents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They enhance the permeability of drugs and biomolecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The thickness of the epidermal layer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enhances transdermal delivery using applied electrical current (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It contains both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances irregularly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active transdermal delivery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.5 mA/cm2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dependence on current (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20 kHz to 16 MHz (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Device availability and optimization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By forming small pores in the stratum corneum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mobility of the drug molecule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High molecular weight drugs such as insulin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creation of thermal effects increasing skin temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drug solubility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High voltage pulses ranging from 5 to 500 V (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They disturb skin layers, creating an aqueous path for the drug (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can cause cell death and protein denaturation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They dissolve in the body, releasing drugs directly into the bloodstream. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Above 100 °C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solid microneedles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It generates microchannels through localized heating. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Risk of infection at entry points (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To avoid damage to viable layers of skin. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their small size and thin nature. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They release drugs as they enter the skin. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>About 50–100 μm in diameter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A drug delivery system that uses the skin as a route of administration to deliver medication into the systemic circulation.

The process of delivering a drug through the intact skin to reach the systemic circulation for therapeutic effects.

TDDS offers a convenient and non-invasive way to administer medication, especially suitable for chronic conditions.

TDDS bypasses the first-pass metabolism in the liver, leading to higher drug bioavailability.

TDDS allows for controlled drug release over time, ensuring consistent therapeutic levels and reducing dosing frequency.

The skin's outermost layer, the stratum corneum, acts as a barrier to external substances, which can hinder the penetration of drugs.

The natural barrier properties of the skin present a challenge for efficient drug delivery through TDDS.

A method that uses an electrochemical potential gradient to deliver drugs through the skin.

The effectiveness of iontophoresis depends on the properties of the drug, the electrical current, and the formulation.

Ultrasound waves create temporary pores in the skin, allowing drugs to penetrate deeper.

The frequency of ultrasound waves used in sonophoresis affects its effectiveness.

A gel or cream that transmits ultrasound waves to the skin.

Sonophoresis can deliver various drugs regardless of their properties, even large molecules.

Short, high-voltage electric pulses create temporary pores in the skin for drug penetration.

Electroporation uses closely positioned electrodes to safely and painlessly deliver electric pulses.

The exact mechanism of sonophoresis is still under investigation.

Sonophoresis has some limitations, including device availability and potential side effects.

The barrier effect is the difficulty of substances, especially those with large molecular weights, to penetrate the skin's outermost layer (stratum corneum). This barrier effect is mainly due to the complex structure and composition of the stratum corneum, which acts as a protective shield.

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) aim to deliver drugs through the skin to reach the bloodstream, bypassing the first-pass metabolism in the liver. This allows for controlled drug release and potentially higher bioavailability.

The intracellular pathway involves drug molecules entering the skin cells and moving through them. Conversely, the intercellular pathway involves molecules moving between skin cells, utilizing the spaces between them.

Active transdermal delivery refers to using external stimuli like electrical, mechanical, or physical forces to enhance the penetration of drugs through the skin. This approach has been shown to improve delivery speed and effectiveness.

Iontophoresis is a method that uses a low voltage and low current to drive charged drug molecules into the skin, overcoming the skin barrier resistance and improving drug absorption.

Iontophoresis works by creating a repulsive force between the charged drug molecules and the electrode, propelling them into the skin. This method has been found to enhance the penetration and absorption of several drugs, especially those with poor absorption profiles.

Unlike passive drug delivery, active methods like iontophoresis can increase the penetration of drugs through the skin, enhancing delivery speed and effectiveness. These methods offer targeted drug delivery with improved therapeutic benefits.

The biggest challenge in developing transdermal drug delivery systems is overcoming the barrier effect posed by the stratum corneum. This barrier prevents effective penetration of drugs and limits the amount of drug reaching the target tissues.

The lipid-containing cells within the stratum corneum have a complex structure and composition that contributes to the barrier effect. This complexity, alongside the presence of both hydrophilic (water-loving) and hydrophobic (water-fearing) substances, makes for a tightly packed structure that hinders drug penetration.

Thermal ablation is a technique that uses heat to remove tissue. It can be done with lasers or radiofrequency energy.

Laser thermal ablation works by using laser light to create small holes and heat up the skin. This process causes water to vaporize and creates a more permeable skin surface.

TDDS stands for Transdermal Drug Delivery System. This method uses your skin to deliver medications into your bloodstream. It's like a patch that sticks to your skin.

Vesicles are tiny sacs filled with water. These sacs can transport drugs across your skin, allowing them to enter your body.

Liposomes are a type of vesicle used for drug delivery. They are made of phospholipids, which are like tiny fatty molecules that create a sphere surrounding the drug.

Electroporation is a technique that uses electric pulses to create temporary pores in cell membranes, allowing molecules to enter. It can deliver drugs to the skin, but it can also harm cells and has limited delivery capacity.

Microneedles are tiny needles that puncture the skin, allowing drugs to be delivered directly into the bloodstream. They are a popular method for transdermal drug delivery because they avoid pain and are minimally invasive.

A type of microneedle that acts like a physical channel, allowing drugs to be absorbed directly. Think of it like a mini-tunnel for drugs to get through the skin.

Microneedles can be coated with drugs, and they release the medication as they penetrate the skin. Think of it like a tiny pill that dissolves as it goes into the skin.

These microneedles are made of drug formulations that dissolve in the body. Think of it like a tiny capsule that releases medication as it dissolves.

Microneedle patches combine microneedles with a patch to create a more comprehensive drug delivery system. Imagine it like a patch with tiny needles, delivering medication to the body.

Thermal ablation is a technique that uses heat to disrupt the stratum corneum layer of the skin. Think of it like using heat to create tiny channels for drugs to pass through.

Thermal ablation requires high heat to create channels in the skin, but only for a very short time to avoid harming the skin. Imagine using a laser to create tiny holes in the skin for a few seconds.

Thermal ablation creates small, localized defects in the skin, which are invisible to the naked eye and don't cause pain, bleeding, or infection. Think of it like creating microscopic holes that heal quickly.

Thermal ablation creates channels in the skin because the heat causes vaporization of keratin. Think of it like using a hairdryer to evaporate water on your skin, only on a much smaller scale.