Transcultural Nursing: Concepts and Theory

Transcultural Nursing: Concept and Theory

• Transcultural nursing is a subfield of nursing focusing on cultural values, beliefs, and culture-based health services.
• Culture is a collection of values, beliefs, norms and symbols that guide individual thought, decision-making, and actions.
• Cultural care involves using cultural competence to meet patient needs based on their cultural background.
• Cultural competence is the provision of care based on knowledge of culture and health, adapted to individuals' and group's health needs.
• It includes cultural awareness (understanding cultural differences), cultural knowledge (seeking knowledge about diverse cultures), cultural skills (performing culturally-appropriate assessments), cultural encounters (interacting with people from diverse cultural backgrounds), and cultural desire (motivation to become competent).
• Care is the manifestation of self-expression related to the desire to help, support and facilitate others.
• Caring is the act, attitude or manner of providing guidance, support, and assistance to others to improve health and well-being.

Learning Objectives

• The history of transcultural nursing
• Transcultural nursing and globalization in healthcare
• Transcultural healthcare
• Culture competence
• Cultural nursing care assessment
• Culture assessment instrument

Why Culture is Important

• Culture is a daily part of life and is important in social life, particularly in Indonesian society.
• Culture significantly influences individual and societal perceptions of health and illness.

Madeleine Leininger

• Founder of transcultural nursing
• Focused on the influence of culture on a child’s behaviour
• Expanded studies on cultural diversity and care.
• Developed a theory on culture care around the globe.

History of Transcultural Nursing

• 1950s: Leininger began researching cultural factors influencing child behavior.
• Late 1970s: Leininger's focus shifted to cultural diversity and transcultural nursing.
• 1989: The Journal of Transcultural Nursing was established. Leininger studied rural tribes and applied her theory to global culture care.

Leininger's Sunrise Model

• A framework for transcultural nursing, focusing on cultural influences impacting nursing care decisions, actions, and the client.
• Components include elements like cultural and social structures, influences, generic and professional systems of care, and patient/family needs.

Key Components of the Transcultural Nursing Theory Model

• Culture: A collection of values, beliefs, norms, and symbols from individuals, groups and communities that direct a person's thoughts, decisions, and behaviors.
• Cultural Care: A form of care that reflects inherited values, beliefs, and ways of life to help individuals and groups maintain well-being, improve health, and manage illness/disability.
• Diversity: Differences in cultural perceptions, knowledge and customs related to health and nursing care.

Key Concepts in Transcultural Nursing

• Universality: Similar cultural perceptions and practical knowledge related to health and nursing concepts across groups.
• Worldview: How individuals perceive their life and the world as a whole.
• Ethnohistory: Factors, events, and occurrences that shape a group's or individual's way of life relating to cultural influences on health care.

Care and Caring in Transcultural Nursing

• Care refers to the manifestation of expressing a desire to help, support, and guide others.
• Caring involves the act, attitude, manner of providing guidance, support, and assistance to improve clients' health and well-being.
• Professional care involves practical skills obtained through nursing education, with sensitivity and respect for diverse beliefs and values.

Transcultural Healthcare

• Transcultural nursing is a humanistic science focused on individual/group behavior that focuses on maintaining and improving the physical and psychological well-being within the context of culture.

Challenges in Transcultural Nursing in Indonesia

• Lack of training of faculty and advanced practice nurses in transcultural nursing
• Limited research evaluating teaching interventions on cultural competence
• Stigma/Negative perceptions about culture
• Stereotyping/discrimination against culture
• Language barriers

Purposes of Transcultural Nursing Care

• Help individuals/families understand their needs for nursing and health care.
• Assist in decision-making by assessing client lifestyle, health beliefs, and health practices.
• Develop culturally relevant/sensitive care to minimize stress, conflict, and improve patient satisfaction.

Cultural Assessment Instrument

• Call: What do you call your problem?
• Caused: What do you think caused your problem?
• Cope: How do you cope with your condition?
• Concerns: What are your concerns about the condition/treatment?

Spiritual Assessment Instrument (FICA)

• Faith: What are your beliefs/faith? What gives meaning to your life?
• Importance: What is important in your life now? How do you cope with illness?
• Community: Are you part of a religious or spiritual community? Is it supportive?
• Address: How do you want these issues addressed in healthcare? What gives meaning to your life?

Case Studies (Examples)

• Provide specific details (patient age, diagnosis, condition, cultural beliefs) and how to respond to those beliefs in a culturally sensitive way.

References

• References for specific research or theory information.

This quiz explores the principles of transcultural nursing, emphasizing the significance of cultural competence in healthcare. It aims to enhance understanding of how cultural values and beliefs impact patient care and the importance of cultural awareness, knowledge, skills, encounters, and desire in nursing practice.