Recent

  • Show all results for ""
Transcriptomics and Non-Coding RNAs Overview
38 Questions
0 Views

Transcriptomics and Non-Coding RNAs Overview

Created by
@TimeHonoredLimerick2759

Questions and Answers

What is the ultimate destination for non-coding RNAs?

  • Not a protein (correct)
  • Cellular repair
  • Energy production
  • Protein synthesis

    • All eukaryotic genes are encoded by RNA.

    False

    Name two examples of non-coding RNAs.

    tRNAs and rRNAs

    Human genes transcribed into non-coding RNAs may equal or even exceed the number of __________ genes.

    <p>protein-coding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of RNA with their characteristics:

    <p>tRNA = Transfers amino acids during protein synthesis rRNA = Forms the core of ribosome's structure short noncoding RNAs = Regulates gene expression non-coding RNAs = Do not code for proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding non-coding RNAs?

    <p>They play a role in gene regulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'non-coding RNAs' can be shortened to 'ncRNAs'.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of human genes are estimated to be non-protein-coding?

    <p>It is thought that they may equal or exceed protein-coding genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much of the genome is considered active?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Noncoding RNAs are translated into proteins.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the transcriptome?

    <p>All the coding and non-coding RNAs in a cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ project has shown that most of the non-coding DNA has a purpose.

    <p>ENCODE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about noncoding RNAs is false?

    <p>Are translated into proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of non-coding RNAs with their descriptions:

    <p>rRNA = Forms the core of ribosome's structure tRNA = Brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis miRNA = Regulates gene expression lncRNA = Involved in various cellular processes including gene regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does qPCR stand for?

    <p>Quantitative PCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Microarrays can measure gene expression for thousands of genes at a time.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is transcriptomics?

    <p>The study of gene expression levels by quantifying RNA transcription.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High throughput RNA ________ allows for sequencing of all transcripts without limits.

    <p>sequencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a limitation of qPCR?

    <p>It requires knowledge of the gene sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following techniques with their key features:

    <p>qPCR = Requires prior knowledge of gene sequence Microarrays = Hybridisation based to measure many genes High throughput RNA sequencing = No prior sequence knowledge needed Transcriptomics = Quantifying transcription levels of all RNAs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transcriptomics is limited to a known number of genes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Microarrays focus primarily on _______ coding genes.

    <p>protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using fluorescently labelled dNTPs in sequencing by synthesis?

    <p>To enable the detection of the incorporated dNTP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RNA-seq is less effective at quantifying highly expressed genes compared to microarrays.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain one advantage of RNA-seq over microarrays.

    <p>RNA-seq identifies around 40% more transcripts than microarrays.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A primer anneals to the linker at the end of the cDNA fragment attached to the __________.

    <p>flowcell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following RNA-seq advantages with their descriptions:

    <p>Detect alternative splicing = Can identify multiple isoforms of genes High sensitivity = Can detect low abundance transcripts Quantification of novel RNAs = Allows for measurement of previously unannotated RNAs Detect mutations in the transcript = Identifies variations that may affect function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the correct dNTP is incorporated during sequencing by synthesis?

    <p>An image is taken</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The chain-terminating modification of dNTPs in sequencing by synthesis cannot be reversed.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge of working with RNA samples?

    <p>RNA samples are fragile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of RNA-sequencing?

    <p>To provide a quantitative survey of the entire transcriptome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RNA-seq can provide sequence level information that microarrays cannot.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What format are RNA-sequencing outputs typically in?

    <p>fastq</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RNA-sequencing can yield up to ______ million reads.

    <p>500</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Library preparation = The process of creating a stable representation of RNA sequences for sequencing Sequencing = The actual reading of the prepared DNA or cDNA to acquire sequence information Clonal amplification = The process of increasing the number of copies of DNA in a sample FastQ files = Files that store RNA-sequencing data and allow for easy manipulation of sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an advantage of RNA-seq over microarrays?

    <p>It can detect novel transcripts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Short sequence reads from RNA-seq are typically 150-200 bp long.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum length of short sequence reads in RNA-seq?

    <p>50 bp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Non-Coding RNAs

    • Human genes transcribed into non-protein-coding RNAs may equal or exceed protein-coding genes.
    • Non-coding RNAs include tRNAs, rRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs.
    • All eukaryotic genes are encoded by DNA; non-coding RNAs are not translated into proteins.
    • Previously considered "junk DNA," non-coding DNA has known functions as demonstrated by the ENCODE project.

    Transcriptomics

    • Transcriptomics studies gene expression by quantifying all RNAs in a specific cell or tissue at a given time.
    • Unlike earlier methods, RNA-seq provides a comprehensive analysis without prior gene knowledge.

    High Throughput Sequencing

    • RNA-seq uses high throughput sequencing to analyze RNA from cells or tissues.
    • Sequencing by synthesis involves primer annealing, polymerase extension, and fluorescent labeling of dNTPs.

    Advantages of RNA-seq

    • RNA-seq identifies approximately 40% more transcripts than microarrays and quantifies low and high expressed genes effectively.
    • Can detect alternative splicing, novel exons, and mutations in transcripts.
    • Provides a highly sensitive and dynamic range of data.

    Challenges in RNA Transcriptome Studies

    • RNA samples are fragile and can be unstable, impacting data accuracy and reliability.
    • Highly expressed RNAs may dominate sequencing resources, limiting analysis of less abundant transcripts.

    RNA-sequencing Process

    • The RNA-seq process includes three main steps: library preparation, clonal amplification, and sequencing.
    • A fastq format is utilized for storing sequencing data, containing millions of short sequence reads.

    Key Takeaways from Part 2 Summary

    • RNA-sequencing offers an unbiased quantitative survey of transcripts, including novel RNA detection.
    • Compared to microarrays, RNA-seq provides more detailed sequence-level information.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of non-coding RNAs and transcriptomics in this quiz. Learn about the roles of different non-coding RNAs, the advancements in RNA-seq technology, and the advantages it holds over traditional methods. Test your understanding of how these elements contribute to gene expression studies.

    More Quizzes Like This

    Non-Coding RNAs and Epigenetics Quiz
    5 questions

    Non-Coding RNAs and Epigenetics Quiz

    HaleWisdom avatar
    HaleWisdom
    Non-Coding RNAs and Epigenetics Quiz
    5 questions

    Epigenetics Quiz: Non-Coding RNAs and Gene Regulation

    HaleWisdom avatar
    HaleWisdom
    Transcription and RNA Quiz
    10 questions

    RNA Quiz: Test Your Transcription Knowledge

    StimulatingPeach avatar
    StimulatingPeach
    Medical Coding Basics Quiz
    10 questions

    Medical Coding Basics Quiz

    BeneficialThermodynamics avatar
    BeneficialThermodynamics
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser