unit 3 cc7

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Explain the difference between transcription and replication in DNA processing.

Transcription is the process of copying the DNA sequence of a gene into a complementary RNA molecule, while replication is the process of copying the entire DNA molecule. Transcription produces one molecule of RNA that is complementary to the transcribed DNA sequence, while replication produces two identical daughter molecules of DNA.

What is the function of a promoter in transcription?

A promoter is a sequence of DNA that signals the start of transcription by binding to RNA polymerase. It is located upstream of the transcription start site.

Describe the concept of promoter strength and its impact on gene transcription.

Different promoters have different strengths, which determine how often the gene is transcribed. Promoters with higher strength bind to RNA polymerase more effectively, leading to increased transcription of the associated gene.

What is the role of RNA polymerase in the process of transcription?

RNA polymerase is the enzyme that catalyzes transcription by binding to the promoter and moving along the DNA strand, synthesizing an RNA molecule that is complementary to the DNA template. Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes the transcription unit in DNA processing?

The transcription unit is the DNA sequence that is transcribed into RNA, including the promoter, the coding sequence, and the terminator. Signup and view all the answers

Where is the transcription start site located in relation to the promoter?

The transcription start site is located downstream of the promoter, marking the point where transcription begins. Signup and view all the answers

How does the process of transcription contribute to gene expression?

Transcription is the first step in gene expression, as it involves copying the DNA sequence of a gene into mRNA, which is then used to produce proteins. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference in the end products of replication and transcription.

Replication produces two identical daughter molecules of DNA, while transcription produces one molecule of RNA that is complementary to the transcribed DNA sequence. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of RNA polymerase in eukaryotes?

RNA polymerase I, RNA polymerase II, and RNA polymerase III Signup and view all the answers

What does RNA polymerase I transcribe in eukaryotes?

rRNA (ribosomal RNA) Signup and view all the answers

What does RNA polymerase II transcribe in eukaryotes?

mRNA (messenger RNA) Signup and view all the answers

What does RNA polymerase III transcribe in eukaryotes?

tRNA (transfer RNA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of general transcription factors in eukaryotic transcription?

These proteins bind to the promoter and help to recruit RNA polymerase to the transcription start site. Signup and view all the answers

How many RNA polymerases do eukaryotes have, and what are they?

Eukaryotes have three RNA polymerases: RNA polymerase I, RNA polymerase II, and RNA polymerase III. Signup and view all the answers

What are the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription?

Prokaryotes have a single RNA polymerase, while eukaryotes have three. Prokaryotic transcription is a continuous process, while eukaryotic transcription is more complex and involves multiple steps. Prokaryotic mRNA is often translated into protein while it is still being transcribed, while eukaryotic mRNA must first be processed before it can be translated. Signup and view all the answers