Molecular DIagnostics Lecture 2

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Which polymerase in eukaryotic transcription synthesizes 45s rRNA in the nucleolus?

Polymerase I (correct)

Mitochondrial polymerase

Polymerase II

Polymerase III

What is the purpose of the 5' cap in mRNA processing?

To guide mRNA translocation to the cytoplasm

To prevent elongation

To stabilize mRNA (correct)

To determine protein variation

Which region of DNA in eukaryotes affects the regulation of gene expression?

Promotor regions

Suppressor regions

Enhancer regions (correct)

Structural genes

Which type of RNA accounts for approximately 80% of the total RNA in rapidly growing mammalian cells?

rRNA Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is involved in the removal of introns during mRNA processing?

Spliceosome complex Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA in the nucleoplasm?

Polymerase II Signup and view all the answers

Which type of polymerase synthesizes mitochondrial RNA?

Mitochondrial polymerase Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RNA accounts for approximately 15% of the total RNA in rapidly growing mammalian cells?

tRNA Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RNA accounts for approximately 5% of the total RNA in rapidly growing mammalian cells?

mRNA Signup and view all the answers

Which sugar is found in RNA?

Ribose Signup and view all the answers

What is the base that is found in RNA but not in DNA?

Uracil (U) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of RNA polymerase?

To catalyze RNA synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which component of RNA polymerase recognizes the promoter region of DNA?

Sigma (s) subunit Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of RNA generally like?

Single-stranded Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RNA makes up the majority of cellular RNA?

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Signup and view all the answers

Which subunit of RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of DNA?

Omega (w) subunit Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of RNA synthesis?

RNA molecule Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonds link the nucleotides in RNA?

3’-5’ phosphodiester bonds Signup and view all the answers

What can RNA molecules do in terms of their 3D structure?

Fold upon themselves to form helical regions Signup and view all the answers

What RNA structure is considered to be a part of the tertiary structures?

pseudoknot Signup and view all the answers

elongation starts with a pyrimidine or purine?

Purine Signup and view all the answers

Inhibitors of RNA synthesis

inhibits Template binding = Actinomycin inhibits polymerase binding = rifampin inhibits eukaryotic pol II and III = alpah-amanitin inhibits reverse transcription = AZT/ DDI Signup and view all the answers

mRNA processing

<h1>Spliceosome = removal of introns/ connect exons 3' poly tail = adenosines added from mRNA 5, cap = 7-methylguanosine to 5' end</h1> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following inhibitors with the appropriate RNA synthesis process they inhibit:

Actinomycin D = Template binding Rifampin = Polymerase binding a Amanitin = Inhibitors of euk. pol II and III AZT (azidothymidine) = Inhibitors of reverse transcription Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of RNA with the appropriate percentage they represent of the total RNA in rapidly growing mammalian cells:

rRNA = ~ 80 percent tRNA = ~15 percent protein-coding mRNA = ~ 5 percent Signup and view all the answers

Match the following eukaryotic polymerases with their function:

Polymerase I = Synthesizes 45s rRNA in the nucleolus Polymerase II = Synthesizes mRNA, and others recognizes promotor sequence in the nucleoplasm Polymerase III = Synthesizes tRNA, 5sRNA, miRNA in the nucleus Mitochondrial polymerase = Synthesizes mitochondrial RNA Signup and view all the answers