26 Questions
Which polymerase in eukaryotic transcription synthesizes 45s rRNA in the nucleolus?
Polymerase I
What is the purpose of the 5' cap in mRNA processing?
To stabilize mRNA
Which region of DNA in eukaryotes affects the regulation of gene expression?
Enhancer regions
Which type of RNA accounts for approximately 80% of the total RNA in rapidly growing mammalian cells?
rRNA
Which enzyme is involved in the removal of introns during mRNA processing?
Spliceosome complex
Which type of RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA in the nucleoplasm?
Polymerase II
Which type of polymerase synthesizes mitochondrial RNA?
Mitochondrial polymerase
Which type of RNA accounts for approximately 15% of the total RNA in rapidly growing mammalian cells?
tRNA
Which type of RNA accounts for approximately 5% of the total RNA in rapidly growing mammalian cells?
mRNA
Which sugar is found in RNA?
Ribose
What is the base that is found in RNA but not in DNA?
Uracil (U)
What is the primary function of RNA polymerase?
To catalyze RNA synthesis
Which component of RNA polymerase recognizes the promoter region of DNA?
Sigma (s) subunit
What is the structure of RNA generally like?
Single-stranded
Which type of RNA makes up the majority of cellular RNA?
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Which subunit of RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of DNA?
Omega (w) subunit
What is the product of RNA synthesis?
RNA molecule
What type of bonds link the nucleotides in RNA?
3’-5’ phosphodiester bonds
What can RNA molecules do in terms of their 3D structure?
Fold upon themselves to form helical regions
What RNA structure is considered to be a part of the tertiary structures?
pseudoknot
elongation starts with a pyrimidine or purine?
Purine
Inhibitors of RNA synthesis
inhibits Template binding = Actinomycin inhibits polymerase binding = rifampin inhibits eukaryotic pol II and III = alpah-amanitin inhibits reverse transcription = AZT/ DDI
mRNA processing
Spliceosome = removal of introns/ connect exons 3' poly tail = adenosines added from mRNA 5, cap = 7-methylguanosine to 5' end
Match the following inhibitors with the appropriate RNA synthesis process they inhibit:
Actinomycin D = Template binding Rifampin = Polymerase binding a Amanitin = Inhibitors of euk. pol II and III AZT (azidothymidine) = Inhibitors of reverse transcription
Match the following types of RNA with the appropriate percentage they represent of the total RNA in rapidly growing mammalian cells:
rRNA = ~ 80 percent tRNA = ~15 percent protein-coding mRNA = ~ 5 percent
Match the following eukaryotic polymerases with their function:
Polymerase I = Synthesizes 45s rRNA in the nucleolus Polymerase II = Synthesizes mRNA, and others recognizes promotor sequence in the nucleoplasm Polymerase III = Synthesizes tRNA, 5sRNA, miRNA in the nucleus Mitochondrial polymerase = Synthesizes mitochondrial RNA
Test your knowledge on the process of transcription in molecular diagnostics. Explore topics such as DNA-directed RNA synthesis, the differences between RNA and DNA, and the transport mechanism of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
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