Transcription Elongation Process
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Questions and Answers

What is the direction of RNA polymerase unwinding the double helix during transcription elongation?

  • 3' to 3'
  • 3' to 5' (correct)
  • 5' to 5'
  • 5' to 3'

    • Which base pairs with Adenine in RNA during transcription?

  • Cytosine
  • Uracil (correct)
  • Guanine
  • Thymine

    • What is the purpose of capping the ends of the mRNA during transcription termination?

  • To promote splicing
  • To enhance translation efficiency
  • To change the mRNA sequence
  • To protect the strand from enzyme degradation (correct)

    • What is the function of introns in gene expression?

    <p>They do not code for anything and are removed during splicing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of alternate splicing in gene expression?

    <p>To combine exons of a gene in different ways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sequence does not code for anything and is removed through splicing?

    <p>Introns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond forms between the amino acid brought by the second tRNA and the methionine brought in by the first tRNA?

    <p>Peptide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in the termination process of protein synthesis?

    <p>The protein release factor binds to the stop codon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of protein structure involves bonds between the R groups shaping the three-dimensional form?

    <p>Tertiary structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the secondary structure of proteins mainly characterized by?

    <p>Amino acid sequence getting close together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process occurs after translation in protein synthesis?

    <p>Formation of amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What affects the folding of proteins into three-dimensional shapes?

    <p>Attractions and repulsions between components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures are formed when DNA double helix is opened at the origins of replication?

    <p>Replication forks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction is the leading strand synthesized during DNA replication?

    <p>5' to 3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of transcription factors in transcription?

    <p>Initiate transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the lagging strand replicated during DNA replication?

    <p>Discontinuously as fragments joined later</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does DNA synthesis occur during DNA replication?

    <p>At the replication forks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of proteins does human genes encode?

    <p>$20,325$ types of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chaperone proteins in protein folding?

    <p>Stabilize partially folded regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to misfolded proteins tagged with ubiquitin?

    <p>They are taken back to the Endoplasmic Reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do proteins with multiple tags get processed within the cell?

    <p>They are taken to a proteasome for degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of a signal sequence in protein secretion?

    <p>Signal the beginning of translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of protein structure involves bonds between multiple polypeptide chains?

    <p>Quaternary structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Central Dogma theory?

    <p>Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of Cell Division does DNA replication occur?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model of DNA replication proposed that only one strand of DNA is copied?

    <p>Semiconservative Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl demonstrate in 1957 regarding DNA replication?

    <p>DNA replicates via a semiconservative mechanism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step in the Central Dogma process?

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does a parental cell need to duplicate its entire genome?

    <p>Before Cell Division</p> Signup and view all the answers

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